332 



INDEX 



q'. — total heat given off by an irreversible 



process 

 q' ex — heat, over and above q' bm , given off 



during work 



q' = ?'bm + ?'ex = A $' + ?'irr 



Q, — number of cells which die in a given 

 time; reversible heat per mole 



Q — whole population of cells 



Q 10 — sameas(? ]0 



Q — reversible, unavailable heat of whole 

 process 



Q' t — contraction heat of muscle 



Quantum, 76, 145 



Quantum theory of Planck and Bohr, 76 



r — radius of a tube; radius of a sphere; roent- 

 gen 

 R — universal gas constant per mole; electri- 

 cal resistance; distance 

 /? 90 — light scattered by 90° by macromole- 

 cules of a layer from the center of a 

 tube 

 r«, r 2 — resistances 



(R — electrical resistivity, or specific re- 

 sistance 

 rad, radiation absorbed dose, 236 



and rem, 236 

 Radiation of electromagnetic waves: 

 infrared (See Infrared radiation) 

 ionizing (See Ionizing radiations) 

 ultraviolet (See Ultraviolet radiation) 

 visible (See Visible radiation) 

 Radiation of matter (acoustic) waves (See 



Matter waves) 

 Radiation of heat energy, 226 (See also 



Infrared radiation) 

 Radioactive decay, law of, 24, 112 

 and biological half-life, 121 

 and physical half-life, 112 

 schemes for certain isotopes, 1 14 

 Radioactive mapping, 122 

 Radioactivity, 69, 102 



energy distribution, 113, 115 

 natural background of, 235, 239 

 separation of emanations, 69 

 source strength, 1 1 3 

 Radioactive isotopes as tracers, 115, 118 ff 

 autoradiography, 107-108, 120 

 biological half-life, 121,259 

 distribution and localization, 120-122 

 in absorption and secretion studies, 120 

 in radioactive mapping for medical diag 



nosis, 122, 130 

 in studies of fluid flow, 119, 122 

 in studies on nerve, 266 

 penetration of, 102, 116-118, 118 (Table) 



Radiomimetic chemicals, 259 

 Radiosensitivity of cells, 250 



under microirradiation, 251 

 Randall, textbook in biophysics, 46 

 Rate or speed, defined, 13 

 of chemical reactions, 195 ff 



catalyzed by enzymes, 199, 201-206 

 temperature coefficient of (? 10 ), 197 

 Rate constant, specific, 195 



in kinetics of iron metabolism, normal 



and diseased, 31 1 

 factors of, 198-200 

 table of values, 196 

 rbe (See Relative biological effectiveness) 

 Red blood cells, axial accumulation and 

 spin of, 217 

 cell wall structure of, 141 

 effect on blood fluidity of, 217 

 effect of ionizing radiations on, 252 

 ion content of, 38 



kinetics of iron metabolism and, 31 1 

 sickling of, 158-159 

 size of pores in wall, 142 

 water balance in, 37 

 water penetration of, 142 

 Redox systems, as electron transfer proc- 

 esses, 179 ff 

 equivalence of electrical and chemical en- 

 ergy in, 179 

 hydrogen, and pH, 181-182 

 indicators for, 183 

 iron in heme as, 132 

 mediators for, 184 



midpoint reference potential, E m7 , 182 

 Nernst equation for, 180 

 normal hydrogen electrode (NHE) as ref- 

 erence, 181-182 

 potentials of, 180, 181, 186, 187,267-268 

 Redundancy, and precision, 305, 306 

 rem (See Roentgen equivalent man) 

 Replication processes, theory of, 151 

 Reproductive death, induced by ionizing 



radiations, 252 

 rep (See Roentgen equivalent physical) 

 Resistivity of body fluids, 221, 222 

 Resolving power of microscope, 98 

 Relative biological effectiveness (rbe) of 



ionizing radiations, 237-238 

 Relative humidity and heat loss, 227 

 Reversible conditions, defined, 169 

 Reynolds number of blood, 215, 216 

 Rhodopsin, a pigment, 86-88 

 Ribosomes, 151-152 

 Ribosenucleic acid (RNA), 129, 148, 151 

 Robertson, on membrane structure, 272 

 Roentgen, on X rays, 67, 234 



