210 Changing Human Nature 



characteristics is not very consistent. For example, if we 

 take the three main groups, the white, black and yellow- 

 brown, we shall find that most of the other characters fail 

 to connect themselves in a consistent series with these major 

 divisions. Thus, the whites as a group have the largest brain 

 and the blacks the smallest brain, on the average; and the 

 yellow-browns a brain of intermediate size. In the whites 

 the nose is high and thin whereas among the blacks it is 

 broad and flat; and the yellow-browns are again intermedi- 

 ate. Yet we cannot conclude that the yellow-browns are 

 intermediate between the whites and the blacks with respect 

 to other characters, for this is not the case. 



Among the Ethiopians we find the relatively longest legs, 

 and among the Mongolians the shortest legs. With respect 

 to this trait the Caucasians are intermediate. The yellow- 

 browns have straight hair and the blacks woolly hair; again 

 the white race or races will be seen to occupy an intermediate 

 position. Similarly the yellow-browns have the relatively 

 longest ears, the blacks the relatively shortest ears. 

 The yellow-browns have the highest cephalic index (ratio 

 of width of skull to length) , and the blacks the lowest. 

 The hair covering of the body is greatest among the whites 

 and least among the yellow-browns. In this the blacks are 

 intermediate. 



On the European continent, which has been occupied 

 by white peoples within historic times, we find considerable 

 range as to stature, pigmentation, character of the hair and 

 body proportions. Generally speaking, peoples occupying 

 the seashores and ocean islands are more slender than those 

 occupying central areas of a continent. Thus the inhabitants 

 of Ireland, Scotland, Wales and southern England are taller 

 and have narrower faces, while the natives in the middle of 

 the continent are short and stocky. 



Among all races of mankind are to be found variations in 

 body form corresponding roughly to the slight slender type, 

 to the short stocky type, and to an intermediate form. But 

 these types are not found in the same proportions in all races. 



