Index 



Marx, Karl (1818-1883), 450 



Mastodon, 46 



Materialism, 446, 447 



Maternal impressions, 301, 318 



Mechanism and miracles, 413; and pur- 

 pose, 410, 411; and vitalism, 419 



Mechanisms of different order, 412 



Mechanistic, explanations, 418; science and 

 biology, 409; thinking, 398, 408, 413 



Meiosis, 254 



Mendel, Gregor Johann (1822— 1884), 231, 

 232, 235, 240, 241, 245, 247, 2JO, 265, 

 269, 272, 274, 275, 287, 288, 294, 379; 

 laws of heredity, 246 



Mendelian, inheritance, 184, 256, 268; 

 segregation, 256 



Mental evolution, 443, 444 



Merino sheep, 182 



Meristic variation, 376 



Mesomorph, 209 



Metabolism, 57 



Metchnikoff, Ilja (1845— 1916), 61, 457 



Migrations, of mammals, 195; of man, 195 



Militarism and natural selection, 450 



Milton's Paradise Lost, xiv 



Mimicry, doctrine of, 17, 344, 346, 347 



Mirabilis jalapa, 237 



Miracle, 412 



Missing link, 135 



Mitosis, 254 



Modification, 317 



Mollusks, 35; development of, 136; em- 

 bryos of, 137 



Mongoloid idiot, 214 



Monotheism, 433 



Moralities, and ceremonials, 462; and re- 

 ligion, 463; as adaptation, 463 



Morals and beliefs, 463 



Morgan, C. Lloyd (1852- )>4-28 



Morgan, Thomas Hunt (1866— ), 164, 



184, 229, 241, 269, 294, 353 (portrait 

 facing p. 273) 



Morgan's fruit flies, 169 



Movement, 5 8 



Muller, Hermann J. (1890- ), 164, 



426 



Mutation, 164, 183, 184, 185, 191, 272, 

 274, 275, 276, 370, 400, 426; fact and 

 theory, 383; human, 222; sources of, 

 394; range and frequency of, 384, 385; 

 recurrence of, 386; theory, 378, 380, 

 381, 400; theory, advantages of, 381 



Mutual aid, 450, 451, 452 



471 



Nageli, Carl von (1817-1891), 401, 406 



Natural inheritance, 372 



Natural selection, 178, 336, 339, 340, 344, 

 346, 35i> 362, 366, 368, 399, 402; and 

 adaptation, 341; and social doctrine, 

 449; criticism of, 401, 427; objections 

 to, 359; theory of, 329, 330, 333 



Nature, and God, 454; and nurture, 225; 

 cruelty of, 451; favoritism of, 340, 455; 

 makes no jumps, 372, 396, 397 



Nautilus, 189 



Neanderthal man, 18, 197, 19S, 405, 406 



Neo-Lamarckism, 327 



Neptune, discovery of, 48 



Newton, Sir Isaac (i 642-1 727), 281 



Niagara Falls, 21 



Nietzsche, Friedrich (1844— 1900), 452 



Nonconformity, 27 



Non-disjunction, 388, 389 



"Nothing but," 423, 424 



Notochord, 138 



Nurture, effects of, 166 



(Enothera, 388; lamarckiana, 378, 382, 

 389 



Official religions, 433 



Ontogeny, 140 



Optic vesicle, no 



Orders, of contingency, 421; of knowl- 

 edge, 414; of laws, 418, 421; of reality, 

 416, 417 



Organic evolution, problem of, 49 



Organic variability, 426 



Organismal theory, 422 



Organization,, j6 



Origin of life, 14, 409 



Orthogenesis, 401, 402, 403, 406 



Orthogenetic, evolution, 429; variation, 

 430 



Osborn, Henry Fairfield (1857- ), xiii 



109, 198, 200, 404, 405, 406 



Ostracods, 35, 36 



Overspecialization, 189, 364, 404, 421 



Owen, Richard (1804— 1892), 109 



Pacifism and natural selection, 450 



Paludina, 40, 42 



Pangenesis, 314 



Paramecium, 180 



Parasites, development of, 138 



Parasitism, 189, 401 



Parental acquirements, transmission of, 395 



Parsees of India, 361 



Passenger pigeon, 34 



