K 



H 



^ 



^ 



'^ 



N, U 



^Jf 



^ 



ABC D E F G 



Fig. 1 6. Structural stages in evolution of skull from fish to man. 



A. (Lower left). Restoration of skull of Osteolepis, a Devonian lobe-fmned 

 fish. Based on original fossils in American Museum of Natural History and on 

 Pander's specimens. 



B. Restoration of skull of Permocarboniferous amphibian (Trimerorhachis 

 minor). Based on fossil specimens in American Museum of Natural History. 



C. Permocarboniferous primitive reptile (Captorhinus). From specimen in 

 American Museum of Natural History. 



D. Permian mammal-like reptile (Scymnognathus). Restoration of skull 

 based on fossil specimens in American Museum of Natural History. 



E. Triassic mammal-like reptile (Cynognathus). Restoration of skull by 

 Prof. A. S. Romer, based on fossil specimens in British Museum (Natural 

 History). 



F. Recent opossum, "living fossil" mammal type, surviving from Cre- 

 taceous period. 



G. Eocene lemuroid primate (Notharctus). Restoration based on fossil skulls 

 in American Museum of Natural History. 



H. (Top row, right). Skull of recent gibbon, representing little modified 

 survivor of Oligocene proto-anthropoid stock. 



I. Immature gorilla skull, representing modified descendant of Miocene 

 anthropoid stock. 



J. Lower Pleistocene Pithecanthropus- Cast of original skull top, with Prof. 

 J. H. McGregor's restoration of face. Represents one of primitive human 

 stages. 



K. Upper Pleistocene Neanderthal stage. Restoration of skull by Prof. J. H. 

 McGregor from original fossil specimens. 



L. Recent human stage, with high forehead and relatively small jaws. 



1881 



