138 HUMAN BIOLOGY 



The selected categories are: (i) receptivity, sensibility, 

 and the transition from contact to distance reception, 

 which finally achieved its proximate consummation in 

 human vision; (2) modes of "habit-formation," "learning," 

 or behavioral adaptation, and their essential forms of 

 experience, which seemingly progressed on the basis of 

 perceptual configuration, and with increasingly complex 

 motivation, from "trial and error," through adaptation 

 with insight, to preadaptation by reason of foresight; 

 (3) representational processes and the correlated behavior 

 of memory and imagination; (4) the use of symbols, the 

 development of language, and the final dominance of speech 

 in man; (5) emotional, or more generally speaking, affective 

 experience and expression, and finally (6) social experience, 

 behavior and organization. 



In each of these spheres of psychobiological interest 

 the observationally determined order of increasing degree 

 of resemblance to man is: lemur, monkey, ape, and the facts 

 support the hypothesis that existing primates represent, 

 in some instances, steps in the line of human descent, and 

 in others, diverging lines of evolution. 



REFERENCES 



Baldwin, J. M. 1902. Development and Evolution. N. Y., Macmillan. 

 lioBHouSE, L. T. 19 1 5. Mind in Evolution. Ed. 2. Lond., Macmillan. 

 Jones, F. W. 1926. Arboreal Man. Lond., Edward Arnold. 

 KoHLER, W. 1925. The Mentality of Apes. Trans, from German by Ella 



Winter. N. Y., Harcourt Brace. 

 Morgan, C. L. 1914. An Introduction to Comparative Psychology. New ed. 



Lond., Scribner. 

 Romanes, G. J. 1883. Mental Evolution in Animals. Lond. Kegan Paul, 



Trench. 1889. Mental Evolution in Man. N. Y., Appleton. 

 Smith, G. E. 1924. The Evolution of Man. Oxford Univ. Press. 

 Tilney, F. 1928. The Brain from Ape to Man. 2 vols. N. Y., Hoeber. 

 Washburn, M. F. 1926. The Animal Mind. Ed. 3. N. Y., Macmillan. 

 Yerkes, R. M. 1925. Almost Human. N. Y., Century. 

 Yerkes, R. M. and A. W. 1929. The Great Apes. Yale Univ. Press. 



