Homo sapiens 



HUMAN RACES 1 65 



races until near the middle of the eighteenth century. 

 There are essays by Bernier (1684), and Bradley (1721), 

 but they are too imperfect to have any real value. 



The first effective scientific classification of humankind 

 is that of Linnaeus and appears in his great work "Systema 

 naturae" (10 editions, 1735-60), Man belongs to the class 

 of Mammals, order Primates; he forms but one species, 

 the Homo sapiens; and he is divided into the following races: 



Americanus 



Europaeus • 



Asiaticus 

 Asser (Negro) 



Two other "races" are mentioned, the H. Jerus (savage) 

 and the H. monstruosus (monstrous), which probably 

 connect with some pecuhar notions of the past; otherwise 

 the substance of the classification holds true to this day. 



The next most important racial classification is that of 

 Blumenbach (178 1). This is based on that of Linnaeus, 

 but leaves out the "savage" and the "monstrous" varieties, 

 and adds the Malay. Blumenbach recognized five main 

 races, the Caucasian, Mongoloid, Malay, American, and 

 Negro. His classification prevailed until recent time; it 

 has, in fact, an influence to this day. 



Yet even Blumenbach' s views did not prove entirely 

 satisfactory, as a result of which there arose in the course 

 of time almost as many schemes of classifications of the 

 races of man as there were students of the question. These 

 schemes differ widely as to the number, names and distinc- 

 tions of the races. As to number, Virey (1801) recognized 

 but two main races or "species;" for Morton (1839) there 

 were twenty-two, for Huxley (1870) nineteen, for Topinard 

 (1885) nineteen, for Deniker (1901, 1926) twenty-nine, for 

 Burke sixty-three. (See Waitz, 1863; Tuttle, 1866; Darwin, 

 1871; Topinard, 1885; and Deniker, 1901, 1926.) 



PRESENT CLASSIFICATION 



The classification to be given here is based wholly on 

 somatology. It is the result of a careful consideration of the 



