172 HUMAN BIOLOGY 



and may have been related to the pre-Japanese populations 

 of Japan. 



This vast stock has never hitherto been segregated as a 

 separate racial unit, yet it appears to necessitate such a 

 separation. Its constituents can neither legitimately be 

 classed as full whites, nor as full mongoloids. They are 

 intermediary, but evidently not mixbloods merely. 

 They may be conceived as later waves of evolving humanity, 

 than those of the truer yellow-browns, advancing from 

 Europe eastward during the late Paleolithic and early 

 Neolithic times. ^ 



This vast and loose stock has become greatly thinned 

 out and admixed partly with whites, partly with mongols, 

 until today in many parts, such as the Baltic States, Hun- 

 gary and Bulgaria, in the interior of Russia, and in many 

 parts of Siberia as well as in central Asia, it shows mere 

 remnants or traces. 



The probable relation of these four secondary large racial 

 groups to the main stems or races, is shown in Figure 2. 



DAUGHTER-RACES 



Each of the three human stems or main races, and in a 

 smaller measure also each of the main secondary groups, 

 has in the course of time differentiated into a number of 

 newer well-established racial units, the daughter-races. 



The better established daughter-races of the White stem 

 are, in brief: The Hamitic; the Semitic; the Mediterranean; 

 the Alpine; and the Nordic. Besides these truer races there 

 are several additional strains in this large stem, such as the 

 Dinaric, East Baltic, Armenoid, Turcic, etc., but these 

 as yet are not sufficiently well defined and deserve the term 

 of sub-races or types rather than races. And in each of the 

 larger groups there are a smaller or larger number of national- 

 istic or local groups that represent more or less advanced 

 nascent types or races, races in the process of formation. 



The main daughter-races of the Yellow-Brown stem are: 

 The Mongolic; the Malay; and the American. There are 

 also a number of subraces and of old mixture-types, such as 



^ See Hrdlicka, A. The peopling of Asia, Trans. Am. Pbilos. Soc, 60 : 

 525 et. seq, 1921; 9180. The peopling of the earth, ibid., 65: isoet. seq.,ig26. 



