96 



This solution was too strong, injuring the leaves to such an extent as to cause 

 half of them to drop within ten days from time of application. A second and 

 weaker application had the same effect. 



Row 4. — Treated with 



Copper sulphate 1 lb. 



Water 22 gals. 



This had practically the same effect as the above, and was discontinued atter a 

 second application. It would seem in this result before us that the ammonia did 

 not increase the injurious effect of the copper sulphate. 



Eow 5. — Treated with 



Hyposulphite of soda 1 lb. 



Water 22 gals. 



No beneficial effect was noted, though the experiments on this row were 

 rendered useless by severe inroads of the leaf-crumpler. 



Eow 6. — Untreated. 



Per cent. 



No. 1 24 



No. 2 2t) 



No. 3 50 



The time occupied in making each application, covering the 70 trees, was about 

 3^ hours with one man and boy and a horse. Of course, if the same mixture were 

 used on the whole lot without any change, the time taken in making the application 

 would be greatly i-educed. As the cost of the application is much increased by the 

 addition of ammonia in the copper carbonate mixture — while the results in the 

 expeiiments cited above do not seem to warrant its use — it would appear that the 

 copper carbonate and water mixture, in the strength as applied above could be 

 used to advantage, and at a cost of about 1 cent per tree each application, or 5 cents 

 for the season. This is an outside estimate even for large trees. It is noteworthy to 

 mention a fact which has attracted the attention of other investigators, viz., that 

 the older leaves seem to be more sensitive to injury from most fungicides and insecti- 

 cides, than the young and growing leaves. The later applications emphasized this 

 observation. 



OTHER FUNGICIDES. 



Bordeaux Mixture. — This remedy for downy mildew and black-rot of the grape, 

 though only of recent intioduction, has, by reason of its efficacy, become one of our 

 most important fungicides. It is prepared as follows : — 



" Dissolve 6 lbs. of sulphate of copper in 16 gallons of water. In another vessel 

 slake 4 lbs. fresh lime in 6 gallons of water. When the latter mixture has cooled it 

 is slowly poured into the copper solution, care being taken to mix the fluids 

 thoroughly by constant stirring. Prepare some days before needed for use. Stir before 

 applying. Stronger mixtures were at first recommended, but they are not now used. For 

 downy mildew and black-rot of the grape, blight, and rot of the tomato and potato." 

 [Bailey, HorticuUuiist's Rule Book]. 



Eau Celeste. — " Dissolve 1 lb. of sulphate of copper in 2 gallons of water. In 

 anothei- vessel disolve 1 lb. of carbonate of soda (washing soda) ; mix the two solu- 

 tions. When chemical reaction has ceased, add 1^ pints of ammonia; then dilute to 

 22 gallons." [Bailey, Horticulturist's Rule Rook]. Use for treatment of the same 

 diseases as Bordeaux mixture. 



I herewitL append some conclusions arrived at by Prof. C. P. Gillette of the Iowa 

 Agricultural Experiment Station, who conducted last season an extended series of 

 experimt/nt« on this subject : — 



