40 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS. 



scarlet berries. In the autumn the leaves turn to a fiery red and the bush then becomes 

 one of the most striking objects to be found. After the leaves fall the scarlet berries 

 hans as ornaments on the bare branches during the winter. This valuable bush is 

 easily grown from seed. 



19. White Pine. Pinus Strobus. — Planted in 1890, height 3 feet 3 inches, width 

 near base 3 feet. This tree makes a handsome and useful evergreen hedge as it is 

 hardy and maintains most of its lively green colour throughout the winter when many 

 other evergreens look dull. The young trees grew irregularly for a year or two, but are 

 now making a symmetrical and compact hedge, which does not require much clipping 

 and appears to bear cutting well. Young white pine trees may be found in the woods 

 in many parts of Canada when they may be transplanted and cared for as directed 

 under arbor vitse (No. 14), or they may be purchased from the nurseries. 



20. Snowberry. Symphoricarpus racemosus. — Planted in 1890, height 3 ft. 3 in., 

 width 3 ft. 3 in. This makes a rather weak growing and straggling hedge, the wood of 

 which usually kills back at the tips here in winter ; it also has a habit of suckering 

 which is objectionable. Is not desirable in the east where much better hedges can be 

 grown, but on the experimental farm for the North-west Territories at Indian Head, 

 where this shrub and an allied species S. occidentalis grows wild, it has been found to 

 make a useful hedge for garden purposes. 



21. Pliant Viburnum. Viburnum lantana. — Planted in 1890, height 3 ft. 3 in., 

 width near base 3 ft. This bush has large, handsome and deeply veined foliage, bears 

 clusters of white flowers in the spring followed by bright red berries which become dark 

 purple later in the season. It grows wild in Great Britain and has proven very hardy 

 in this country. It makes a compact and desirable hedge. This bush is easily raised 

 from seed, which should be sown in the autumn soon after it ripens, when it will 

 usually germinate the following season. If the seeds are kept over and sown in the 

 spring, germination is often delayed until the following year. 



22. Chinese Lilac. Syringa chinensis (rothamagensis). — Planted in 1890, height 

 2 ft. 9 in., width near base 2 ft. 9 in. This lilac makes a fair hedge but is too loose and 

 open in its growth to entitle it to a place among the best. The foliage is relatively small 

 and the clusters of violet bloom add to the appearance of the hedge during the flowering 

 season. This variety was introduced from China in 1795, it may be increased by suckers 

 which are produced freely. 



23. Breaking Buckthorn. Rhamnus frangula. Planted in 1890, height 4 ft. 3 in., 

 width near base 4 ft. 9 in. This shrub is a native of Britain but is quite hardy here and 

 makes a thrifty strong growing compact hedge which deserves a place in the front rank. 

 The leaves are small and the flowers which are borne in the axils of the leaves are very 

 small and of a greenish white colour. Later in the season they are succeeded by round 

 black berries about a quarter of an inch in diameter. This buckthorn is easily grown 

 from seed. 



24. Cockspur Thorn. Crataegus eras galli. Planted in 1890, height 3 ft. 9 in., 

 width near base 3 ft. This thorn, which is a native of Ontario, makes a compact and 

 useful hedge, the branches being armed with long stout thorns. It is not a rapid grower 

 but the growth is even and regular. No bloom has yet appeared on this hedge. Thorns 

 are usually grown from seeds which generally lie in the ground over a season before 

 sprouting. 



25. Box Elder. Negundo aceroides. Planted in 1891, height 3 ft. 8 in., width 

 near base 3 ft. 6 in. This native tree has been found very useful for hedge purposes in 

 Manitoba and the North-west Territories, where such inclosures are desired more espe- 

 cially to break the force of winds. This tree in hedge grows rapidly and on this account 

 requires more frequent clipping than some others and needs to be kept well cut back if 

 the growth of the side shoots is to be satisfactorily maintained. It is too rank a grower 

 here to make a neat hedge. 



26. Van Houtte's Spiraea. Spircea Van Houttei. — Planted in 1891 ; height, 3 feet; 

 width near base, 2 ft. 6 in. This spiraea has too slender and weak a growth to make a 

 useful and compact hedge, but it is very beautiful when in bloom as it is then almost 

 covered with white flowers from top to bottom for about a fortnight. This shrub is 



