REPORT OF THE ENTOMOLOGIST AND BOTANIST. 



195 



Fig. 4.— The Codling Moth. 



The Codling Moth (Carpocapsa pomonella, 

 L. Fig. 4) was last season a cause of great loss in 

 all parts of Canada where this insect occurs. A 

 great many letters have been received not only- 

 concerning its depredations, but testifying to the 

 great value of spraying with the arsenites. The 

 experience of the past enables us to state posi- 

 tively that Paris green in the proportion of one 

 pound to 200 gallons of water, to which one pound 

 of lime has been added, sprayed over the apple 

 trees by means of spraying pump and nozzle, at 

 the time the eggs are laid, is the best, cheapest and 

 most effective remedy for this insect. 



Careful observations made during the last ten 

 years convince me that in this part of Canada 

 there is only one regular brood of this insect in 

 the year. This is, I believe, the case as far west 

 as Toronto. In the fruit-growing districts of 

 Western Ontario there are two broods. Prof. Saunders tells me that about London, 

 Ont, during his long experience there as a fruit-grower, the second brood was invariably 

 the more destructive. In California there are known to be at least three broods. It 

 is claimed that so far there is no authentic record of this insect having been found 

 breeding in British Columbia. Should it get introduced, it is probable that thei^e would 

 be two or three broods. The British Columbian Government have wisely adopted 

 stringent measures to prevent the introduction of such a serious pest. 



Referring to the second brood of the Codling Moth, Mr. L. Woolverton writes as 

 follows : — 



" Grimsby, Ont., Dec. 21. — The late brood of the Codling Moth did much 

 harm to the ripening fruit and needs more careful attention in future. The injury done 

 by this insect in Canadian orchards must amount to hundreds of thousands of dollars 

 annually. If our practical fruit growers could be induced more generally to use faith- 

 fully those methods for insect destruction pointed out by yourself and other careful 

 experimenters, it would result in an immense increase in the profits of their business. 

 The trouble is that they only half try the remedies, if at all, and then lose faith because 

 they do not secure such good results as they expect." 



As to the extent of the injury by the second brood, Mr. Murray Pettit writes : — 

 " Winona, Ont., Nov. 7. — In reply to your inquiry in re Codling Moth, the late brood 

 was much worse this season in this locality than ever before to my knowledge. I think 

 fully one-third of the Bartlett, Flemish Beauty and Kieffer pears ripened before attaining 

 full size. Some dropped, and part of them were picked with those naturally ripened." 



Mr. A. W. Peart, a careful experimenter, writes as follows : — " Freeman, Ont., 

 April 10. — As you are aware, I have been spraying for several years. Paris Green I 

 find effective against the Codling Moth, but am not so certain about its effects on the 

 curculio. I have used lime in water with Paris green of usual quality, and find no 

 damage to foliage." 



" December 10. — I have sprayed for Codling Moth for many years and am satisfied 

 that I check its ravages in a measure. This year the proportion of worms was larger 

 than for years ; but this I account for by the rains interfering with the action of the 

 poison, and the unusually light crop of apples ; the lighter the crop, the more worms re- 

 latively, is, I think, about an axiom, as well as the converse : the heavier the crop, the 

 fewer the worms are in proportion. The curculio was also bad ; in fact, I do not re- 

 member any year during the last decade, which produced so many insects and fungous 

 pests. We shall certainly have to take more energetic measures to cope with these 

 pests than we have in the past, if we want to make fruit growing profitable." 



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