REPORT OF THE ENTOMOLOGIST AND BOTANIST. 



197 



Fig. 6. — Fall Canker- worm : 



Canker-worms (Anisopteryx). — Reports of damage by 

 Canker-worms have as usual been received from various 

 districts. Identification of the exact species has in most 

 instances been impossible. The following letter from 

 Mr. A. W. Peart, with which specimens of the Fall Canker- 

 worm (A. pometaria, Harris, Fig. 6), were forwarded, is 

 of special interest, giving the late date in the year when 

 the female moths were active in the Hamilton district : — 

 a, b, "Freeman, Ont., December 17. — I send you by this 



of eggs ; e t ™tei£i3X ■ VT mail £emale Canker-worm moths. We had a sharp frost of 

 larged segment of caterpillar. at least 16° about November 28, and the following day, in 



going through the orchard, I was surprised to find many 

 dead moths on the trees. Their bodies were rigid and firm. Upon pressing them with 

 the small blade of a knife, they offered such a peculiar and strong resistance that I 

 concluded they must be frozen. There has been a heavy rain since ; and the moths 

 have been washed to the ground among the clover, and are hard to find. Living 

 females are still climbing the trees. I first noticed the female moths climbing the trees 

 about the middle of October, and they are still moving, though in fewer numbers at 

 this date. In my experience, both in this and previous years, the Canker-worm is con- 

 fined almost exclusively to the Northern Spy, although many other varieties of apple are 

 adjacent to and scattered among the Spys. Spraying with me was not very satisfactory 

 this year, on account of the frequent rain falls during the spraying season. However, I 

 did manage to keep the Canker-worm in check fairly well by the use of Paris green, one 

 pound to 200 gallons of water, with a little lime added." 



The Shot-borer (Xyleborus dispar, Fab., Fig. 7.). Some useful ob- 

 servations have been made on the habits and life history of this injurious 

 enemy of the apple and plum. Some of these I give herewith. 



"Church Street, N. S., May 8. — Have been examining my apple trees to 

 see if the borers are at work yet. I cannot find any nor any of their fresh 

 work. " 



" June 7. — In your last letter you wished me to keep watch for the apple 

 borer. Have been working among young apple trees every day this spring, 

 and on June 2, I saw the first and only one this spring, and this in a young 

 tree in an old orchard." — Leander Woodworth. 

 In 1893 Mr. Leander Woodworth wrote to me that he had seen the beetles at work 

 on the bark on June 10. 



" Berwick, N. S., December 2, 1893. — I first discovered the borers last spring, 

 when I found 25 of my best young trees with the bark turning red, and upon examina- 

 tion found them full of borers. I cut down all but a few and burned them. I washed 

 all my young trees with lime in June. Then I made a wash of soft soap, 1 gallon ; water, 

 3 gallons ; carbolic acid, £ pint, and washed the trees with this mixture twice in June, 

 once in July and once in August. I have examined the trees carefully and cannot find 

 any work of the borers this year. The trees that had the borers in them were young, 

 healthy, fine-growing trees, as good as any that could be found in the valley." — John S. 

 Woodworth. 



"Berwick, N. S., December 1, 1893. — I do not know for certain at what time the 

 borers begin to attack the trees, but I think about the end of May. As far as I know, 

 Gravenstein trees (young ones) seem to suffer most, and I am of opinion that the borer 

 will attack healthy trees as well as diseased ones." — W. H. Woodworth. 



From the above it would seem that preventive washes should be put on the trees 

 from the beginning of May ; three washes one month apart would probably be sufficient. 



The Oblique-banded Leaf-roller (Caccecia rosaceana, Harris) has caused consi- 

 derable damage to fruit in some districts during the past season. It not unfrequently is 

 troublesome on app]e trees and currant bushes ; but this year it was sent to me as an 

 enemy of birch, apple, pear, gooseberry and black currant. Three unusual and inter- 

 esting attacks were : on garden geraniums in which the leaves were eaten ; on the Silver 



Fig. 7.- 

 The Shot- 

 borer. 



