202 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS. 



The following is Professor Fernald's technical description of the insect, which ap- 

 pears in the Canadian Entomologist, 1892, page 122 : — 



" Coleophora JJetcherella, Fernald, — Expanse of wing from 10 to 12 mm. ; head, 

 palpi and basal joints of the antenna?, yellowish steel gray; body, legs and wings above 

 and beneath, plain steel gray, much more intense in fresh specimens. 



" The palpi are without tufts, the basal joints of the antennas with a slight tuft, 

 and the remaining joints of the antennae and also the joints of the tarsi are steel gray 

 annulated with white. 



" The cases are brown, composed of a portion of leaf, cylindrical or fusiform, slight- 

 ly compressed laterally, and with a more or less distinct ridge above and beneath. The 

 mouth is more or less oblique, with the edge flaring out slightly. One side of the case 

 is covered with fine hairs the other is smooth, showing that the larva constructs its 

 case from the upper and under sides of the leaf. 



" Described from three specimens received from Mr. James Fletcher, for whom I 

 name the species, and who bred it from apple. I have also received the same species 

 from Prof. Lintner, who also bred it from apple." 



This insect has been treated of in previous reports of this department (1891, pages 

 196-198 ; and 1892, page 146). 



During the past summer this small but destructive enemy of the apple has been 

 reported to me as injuriously abundant in Ontario, at Oshawa, Maitland and Grimsby, 

 and in Canadian Horticulturist, 1894, page 302, without locality, in Ontario; and in 

 Nova Scotia, at Lakeville and Woodville. It has also been noticed in small numbers 

 at several places in Ontario, Quebec and the Maritime Provinces. It has shown itself 

 to be very difficult to treat ; but it is probable, from Dr. Young's experience cited below 

 with other correspondence, that spraying with Kerosene emulsion and Paris green 

 early in spring is an effective remedy if persevered in. 



The following extracts from some of the letters received will be found instructive 

 and useful : — 



" Oshawa, Ont., March 30. — Inclosed you will find two small apple twigs. What 

 is on them ? "Will you write me and let me know how to destroy them '( I have about 

 forty acres of apple orchard and these things are getting very numerous, as you can see 

 by the twigs. As quick as the bud opens in the spring, they crawl out on the young 

 leaves, and, when full grown, are about as big as a kernel of rye." 



" April 19. — I am glad to know the name of the little pest that is injuring my ap- 

 ple trees, for I think they are hurting the trees considerably. I first noticed them two 

 years ago. They were not so bad as they were last year, taking the orchard all through. 



"I sprayed a part of the orchard two years ago with Paris green, 4 ounces ; sulphate 

 of copper, 4 pounds ; lime, 4 pounds ; water, 50 gallons. I sprayed for the Codling 

 Moth and Black Spot on apple when the apples were about as big as small cherries, 

 Last year, I sprayed all the orchard but about five acres. The trees on these five acres 

 are about twelve years old, about half Northern Spys and Ribston Pippins. The Rib- 

 stons are very bad ; the insects are about fifty on the unsprayed trees to one where I 

 sprayed ; but the Northern Spys are not much worse than where I sprayed. How 

 much they are hurting the trees, I cannot tell, — if I went by the fruit, I would say a 

 good deal. Two years ago, I had 1,800 barrels of packing apples ; last year, 375 bar- 

 rels ; but I am in hopes the Paris green is going to keep them in check." 



"June 14. — I now write you my further experience with the Cigar Case-bearer. I 

 sprayed as you recommended as soon as I could. I started on May 7th and sprayed for 

 four days, a part of the orchard with dilute Bordeaux mixture and a part with Paris 

 green alone. I cannot see any difference. I seem to have killed about half or two- 

 thirds of the insects. I believe I should have killed more, but the wind was blowing 

 very hard when I sprayed, and the next week that big rainstorm came. I intended to 

 write before, but was waiting to be sure of the effects of the spraying. The dead 

 caterpillars still stick on the trees ; but the live ones have grown away from the dead 

 ones, so we can tell them now. I am going to spray again in a few days. I thank you 

 very much for the trouble you have taken. When I wrote you first, on the 19th April, 

 I was about discouraged. I did not think the Paris green would kill them. In previous 



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