REPORT OF THE ENTOMOLOGIST AND BOTANIST. 205 



" If my theory, that frost and snow will destroy these insects, prove correct, I can 

 quickly and easily remove one-half to three-fourths of the entire brood now lodged on 

 trees eight or ten years of age, and diminish their numbers on larger trees. " — Harold 

 Jones. 



" Lakeville, N. S., June 8. — I inclose to you to-day some specimens of insect pests 

 for examination. The insect attacks the young buds and leaves, destroying the foliage as 

 soon as it appears. The Baldwin, Tompkins, Twenty-ounce Pippin, Talman Sweet and 

 Rhode Island Greening, were attacked and the young leaves almost entirely destroyed, 

 while the Bishop Pippin (Yellow Belle flower) tree was almost entirely free from the pest. 

 I sprayed before blooming with Paris green 4 ounces, lime 3 lbs., water 45 gallons. I 

 could not see that any insects were killed, being just as numerous after spraying. Any 

 information you can give me about destroying this insect, will be thankfully received." 



" June 20. — I send you specimens of the insects that have been doing very much 

 damage to fruit trees in this locality this spring. They began their work of destruction 

 about 1st May, when a few were seen to crawl from the angles of the small branches 

 and attach themselves to the leaves just beginning to form. They would move along 

 the branches, the head protruding from the sack or cigar-shaped case. About May 10th 

 I sprayed the trees from which these specimens were taken on June 20th, with Paris 

 green 1 lb., lime 4 lbs., water 160 gallons. At that time only a few were on the 

 foliage. The greater part of the pests were still to be found in the angles of the small 

 branches and rough places of the bark. The application of this mixture destroyed 

 very few, if any. To-day, June 20th, I notice some time after full b'oom the blossoms 

 withering and dropping from the tree at the slightest jar from the hand, and the foliage 

 of the tree having the appearance of boing riddled with small shot and scorched by 

 heat. On th se trees no fruit is forming although the blossoms looked healthy. " — R. 

 A. Beckwith. 



At the end of the season, Mr. Beckwith reported as follows : — " I did not spray 

 as you advised. By July 1, nearly, or quite all of the insects had disappeared, the 

 trees soon after having a healthy appearance. A few orchards only were damaged by 

 this insect in this section of the valley. " (Lakeville is in the Annapolis Valley, so 

 celebrated for its fruit.) " Those orchards in which the case-bearer appeared were badly 

 damaged, the crop a total failure. " 



"Woodville, jN. S., March 28. — I send you to-day some apple limbs. You will 

 find on them small insects which have done a great deal of damage in this county. 

 Please explain their habits and send a remedy. " 



"April 18. — Thanks for information. I am sending you more specimens to-day 

 out of the same orchard. 



" These insects destroy the buds, as you see by specimens ; destroying the buds in- 

 jures the crop, as new buds have to start. The insects are now commencing to crawl 

 on to the buds, destroying first the buds, then the blossoms, if any are left, and leaves ; 

 so you see something must be done before the trees blossom. They seem to work on 

 some varieties more than on others. The variety sent is Nonpareil. The trees look, at 

 the end of June and in July, when the trees are leafing out and blossoming, as if they 

 had been scorched by fire. 



" We consider this little caterpillar the worst enemy to our fruit crop. Please 

 advise me what to do, as the remedy must be applied at once." — G. W. F. McLean. 



Remedies. — As a remedy we at first recommended spraying with Kerosene emul- 

 sion during the winter, to destroy the hibernating larva?, but it appeared to have no 

 effect. Twigs from sprayed trees were sent to me in winter by Dr. Young, which, a 

 fortnight after spraying, still retained strongly the odour of Kerosene (coal oil) ; when 

 revived by the warmth of my office, the larvae crawled about uninjured, and Dr. Young 

 reported that these trees treated in winter showed no benefit from the spraying. 



Sprayins with Kerosene emulsion and Paris green at the time when the buds are 

 opening, has^iven the best results, as will be seen from the following letters : — 



" Adolphustown, Ont., June 26. — On the large block of Duchess apple trees, where 

 we sprayed in 1891 and 1892, where the said worms were so numerous, there is only 

 an odd worm to be seen. But in other parts of the orchard, where they had scarcely 



