206 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS. 



reached at first, they were numerous this spring. We sprayed them with Paris green, 

 but on account of weather, and my brother's illness, the spraying was not complete, nor 

 as effective as one would wish. 



"July 3. — The Kerosene emulsion, either warm or cold, used in the winter, had no 

 effect. But when used cold in the spring, after the worms began to move about, was 

 very effectual. It more completely cleaned the trees of the Case-bearers than did the 

 Paris green. Still the Paris green did well and took most of them off. We sprayed 

 with both the same day. We sprayed the next year again with Paris green, and this 

 year again, but this year there were very few indeed in that part of the orchard." — Dr. 

 D. Young. 



From the above it would apear that, owing to the fact that the caterpillars for the 

 most part feed beneath the leaves and eat very little of the outer surface, Paris green, 

 although effective in a certain measure, is not a satisfactory means of controlling the 

 Cigar Case-bearer. The best remedy in our experience so far, is Kerosene emulsion ap- 

 plied as a spray when the young larva? are active, particularly early in spring. 



THE SAN" JOSE SCALE. 

 (Aspidiotus pemiciosus, Comstock.) 



Few insects which attack fruit trees are with more reason dreaded by the horticul- 

 turist than the San Jose or Pernicious Scale of the Pacific Coast. On two or three 

 occasions it has been reported to me as occurring in British Columbia ; but I had at first 

 the impression that the insect referred to was the Scurfy Bark-louse (Chionaspis fur- 

 furus, Fitch), or something else. During the past summer, however, undoubted specimens 

 of Aspidiotus pemiciosus on apple have been received from British Columbia and have 

 been identified by Mr. L. 0. Howard. From recent correspondence, I believe it is pro- 

 bable that, at any rate, some of the serious injury to the apple trees in British Columbia 

 which has been reported as due to the Apple Aphis is in reality caused by this and other 

 scale insects. The fact that one is a plant-louse with well developed organs of locomo- 

 tion at all stages after hatching, and the other a scale insect, which has the power to 

 move for only two or three days, does not affect this supposition ; for, unfortunately, 

 there is even yet a most deplorable ignorance and indifference as to the right names of 

 the worst insect enemies of the farmer and fruit-grower. So that the referring a pest 

 even to the right natural order is the exception rather than the rule, "bugs," "flies," 

 " weevils," " grubs " and " worms " being accused indiscriminately of injuries caused by 

 quite different insects. Not only does this cause loss of time, because, in many 

 instances, specimens have to be written for ; but in those cases where cultivators under- 

 take to doctor their crops themselves, the wrong remedy is often applied, of course, to 

 their great disappointment at obtaining no beneficial results. In all cases, whenever 

 possible, specimens should be sent with letters of inquiry. 



Knowing the great danger which would result from the failure on the part of 

 Canadian fruit-growers to recognize and use every effort to eradicate so pernicious a foe 

 as the San Jose Scale, as soon as it was known for certain that specimens had occurred 

 in Canada, I prepared for The Farmer's Advocate, of London, Ont., which has a wide 

 circulation, and for the Annual Report of the Entomological Society of Ontario, an 

 article giving the life history and the remedies which had been found most effective 

 against this pest. These were drawn for the most part from the records of the warfare 

 waged by the United States Division of Entomology, which have been kindly supplied 

 to me by Mr. L. O. Howard, who has also been good enough to lend me the four figures 

 used to illustrate this article. 



I reproduce herewith extracts from these articles so as to bring the proper treat- 

 ment to the knowledge and attention of as many as possible. 



This insect has had attention drawn to it of late by its unexpected appearance in 

 injurious numbers in the Eastern States during the summer of 1893, and the Division 

 of Entomology at Washington, under the direction of the United States Entomologist, 

 Mr. L. O. Howard, has, during the past summer, adopted such vigorous measures to 

 combat it, that there is reason to hope that in all the localities from which it has been 

 reported, the insect has either been eradicated or brought under control. 



