MICHIGAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCE. 19 



PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS. 



OUTLINE OF THE HISTORY OF THE GREAT LAKES.^ 



Frank Leverett. 



CONTENTS. 



Introdiictorv statement. 



Great altitude preceding Ice Age. 



Preg'lacial drainage. 



Effects of glaciation in Great Lakes region. 



Drift deposition. 



Glacial erosion. 



Weighting and depression by ice. 

 Glacial and interglacial stages. 

 Features characteristic of lake shores. 

 The succession of lakes. 



Superior basin. 



Green Bay basin. 



Michigan basin. 



Huron-Erie basin. 



Lake ]Maumee, Lake Arkona, Lake Whittlesey, 



Lake W^arren, Transitional lakes (Grassmere and Elkton beaches) 



Lake Erie. 



Ontario basin. 



Lake Iroquois, Champlain Sea, 



Lake Algonquin. 



Transitional lakes (Battlefield and Fort Brady beaches). 



Nipissing Great Lakes. 



Modern Great Lakes. 

 History shown by Niagara Falls. 

 Bibliographic notes. 



INTRODUCTORY STATE M ENT. 



Michigan is more broadly washed by the waters of the Great Lakes 

 than any other state of the Union, and its commercial interests are 

 greatly enhanced in value because of this situation. There are also cli- 

 matic advantages wiiicli it possesses because of these water bodies. 

 The question of the origin and history of the lakes should, therefore, be 

 of especial interest to the people of Michigan, and particularly to such 

 an assembly of educators and scientific students as is present this even- 



iPublished by permission of the Director of the United States Geological Survey. 



