214 LIFE: ITS NATURE AND ORIGIN 



51 "A comparison of the development of nucleate and non-nucleate eggs of 

 Arbacia punctulata," Biol. Bull. Wood's Hole (1940) 79, 166. 



52 "Cytological study of artificial parthenogenesis in sea-urchin eggs," Arch. Entiv. 

 Mech. Org. (1901) 12, 529. 



53 H. J. Fry, Biol. Bull. Wood's Hole (1933) 65, 207; (1937) 73, 565. 



5i Biol. Centralbl. (1931) 51, 633; (1932) 52, 42; Arch. Enwt. Mech. (1934) 131, 1. 



55 Am. J. Cancer (1936) 26, 69. 



56 "On the genetics of subnormal development in the head [otocephaly] in the 

 guinea-pig," Genetics (1934) 19, 471-505. 



57 Rev. Suisse Zool. (1936) 43. 



58 Fig. 27 and these descriptions are taken from the original paper by Sewall 

 Wright and Orson N. Eaton, /. Agr. Research (1923) 26, 161-181. H. B. Adelmann 

 [/. Exptl. Zool. (1929) 54, 249, 291, and subsequent volumes to 1937; Quart. Rev. 

 Biol. (1936) 11, 161, 284] found that in normal development the two eye-districts 

 overlap, but the intermediate section does not develop into eyes because the 

 prechordal plate inhibits it. If this inhibition is obstructed, either mechanically or 

 by the action of specific substances, e.g., lithium, a single eye (cyclopia) results. 

 C. R. Stockard (1913) produced cyclopia in a sea urchin (Fundulus) by treatment of 

 the early embryonic stages with magnesium salts. In the heritable eye-abnormality 

 termed coloboma, there is incomplete coalescence of the eye bulb. By feeding tur- 

 pentine to a pregnant rabbit a similar malformation (non-heritable) has been 

 produced in the young. The hatteria (Sphenodon punctata), a lizard-like reptile 

 survival of ancient times found only in islands near New Zealand, has a pineal or 

 median "eye," corresponding to vestiges found in snakes. This eye seems to have no 

 visual function, though it was more fully developed in various extinct groups of 

 reptiles and Stegocephali (H. F. Gadow, Cambridge). Possibly it is sensitive to 

 slight differences in temperature. 



59 /. Exptl. Zool. (1929) 41. 



60 J. Exptl. Zool. (1931) 67, 433, and earlier (1930-31) Norwegian publications. 



61 /. Morph. (1933) 55, 151-178. 



62 Arch. Entiv. Mech. (1934) 131, 333. 



63 A. Marx, Arch. Entiv. Mech. (1931) 123, 333. 

 « J. Heredity (1933) 24, 105. 



65 "Some Physicochemical Aspects of Life, Food and Evolution," Scieritia, October, 

 1933. 



66 Mem. d. R. Accad. dell'Inst. di Bologna, 1891. 



67 Arch. Entiv. Mech. (1894) 1, 380. 



68 "Colloid Chemistry," Vol. V, p. 596, Reinhold Publishing Corp.. 1944. 



60 J. W. Mellor (Vol. V, p. 720, [1924]), quotes Lucretius (60 B.C.) as follows: "It 

 matters much with what others and in what positions, the same atoms are held 

 together. . . . When the configuration of the atoms is changed, the properties of the 

 body which is formed from them must also change." 



See also the fourth line in the quotation from Lowell on page 248. 



