218 



LIFE: ITS NATURE AND ORIGIN 



DISEASES 



Structural and Functional 



Infectious 



Hormonal — Diabetes mellitis 

 Acromegaly 

 Exopthalmic goiter 



Enzymic — Apepsia 



Traumatic — Acute and occult 



Emboli — Cassion disease (bends) 



Psychic — Nervous and mental 



Allergies — Hay fevei 



Some asthmas 



Ageing — Senility 



Poisoning — Gases (CO, H2S) 

 Pb, As, Se, etc. 

 Alkaloids, etc. 

 Ptomaines 



Excesses — Alcohol, drugs 



Dietary — Avitaminoses 



Inanition 

 Lack of trace substances' 



Immunological — Inability to produce anti- 

 bodies 



Neo-catalytic — temporary or transmissible 

 changes in biocatalysts 

 (cancer) 



Ultrafilterable Viruses 



Rabies, Influenza, Smallpox 

 Poliomyelitis, Yellow fever 



Bacteria 



Endotoxins — (typhoid, tuberculosis) 

 Exotoxins — (diphtheria, tetanus) 

 Mechanical block — (anthrax?) 



Protozoa 



Syphilis, malaria, 

 Amebic dysentery 



Fungi 



Actinomycosis 

 Athlete's foot, ringworm 



Vermes 



Tape, pin, hook worms 

 Liver-fluke 



Insects 



Bott or warble fly 



medicine thus increasingly added to the clinical picture, it went 

 far beyond Galen's recognition of the following "temperaments": 

 (1) sanguine; (2) phlegmatic; (3) bilious or choleric; (4) melan- 

 cholic. Later, medical men spoke of diathesis, a predisposition 

 to certain forms of disease. For example, hemorrhagic diathesis 

 was defined as "a morbid condition marked by lessened coagula- 

 bility of the blood and an abnormal liability to bleed at slight 

 wounds"; and the Greek term hemophilia did not add to knowl- 

 edge of the cause, even though the condition was observed to "run 

 in families", e.g., the Spanish royal family. 



Individuals differ widely in their ability to form and maintain 

 antibodies capable of protecting them against common infections 

 and antigens. The rather unusual disease termed noma, a gan- 

 grenous condition of the mouth and some other orifices, seems to 

 be due to inability of the individual to form the usual protective 

 antibodies. Hutt states 3 that resistance to disease usually depends 

 on more than one gene. But in one recorded case a simple re- 

 cessive mutation was responsible for the loss of an entire strain of 

 animals; this happened in guinea pigs that were unable to form 

 blood complement. 4 



