258 LIFE: ITS NATURE AND ORIGIN 



ham states (Encycl. Brit., 11th ed. (1913) Vol. 19, p. 993): "One arm is always con- 

 siderably modified in structure and employed in copulation, but it is only in three 

 genera, one of which is Argonauta, that the arm spontaneously separates. The 

 detached arm is found still alive and moving in the mantle cavity of the female, and 

 when first discovered in these circumstances was naturally regarded by the older 

 naturalists as a parasite. . . . Whether detached or not, the modified arm possesses 

 a cavity into which the spermatophores are passed and the arm serves to convey 

 them to the mantle cavity of the female." 



2 Pliny states (Historia Naturalis, Liber XXXVI, Par. 195) that under the reign 

 of Tiberius the inventor's workshop was destroyed, but that even this story is not 

 fully authenticated. 



3 Lamarck wrote "Phil. Zool." (1873) reprint, p. 254: "Dans leurs acces de colere 

 qui sont frequents surtout entre les males, leur sentiment interieurs par ses efforts 

 dirige plus fortement les fluides vers cette partie de leur tete, et il s'y fait une 

 secretion de matiere cornee dans les unes (Bovidae) et de matiere osseuse melangee 

 de matiere cornee dans les autres (Cervidae), qui donne lieu a des protuberances 

 solides: de la l'origine des comes, et des bois, dont la plupart de ces animaux ont la 

 tete arm£e." 



4 "Biglow Papers," First Series, No. 4, lines 31 et seq., 1846. 



5 Goethe's "Naturwissenschaftliche Werke" occupy 12 volumes in the great 

 Weimar edition of 126 volumes, including "Letters" (45 vols.) and "Diary" (13 vols.). 

 6 *'History of the Evolution of Animals," Vol. I, Leipzig, 1828. 



7 See his biography, by Richard E. Call. 



8 "The Testimony of Modern Science to the Unity of Mankind," copyrighted in 

 1858 and published in 1859 by Robt. Carter & Brothers, New York. 



9 "Popular Science Monthly," 187-8, Vol. 52, pp. 224-228. 



10 See "Let Freedom Ring," by Arthur G. Hays (H. Liveright, N. Y., 1928). 



11 "The genetical theory of natural selection, Journal of Heredity, 1930, 21, 

 349-356. 



12 In an address entitled "Evolutionary Faith and Modern Doubts," Science (1922) 

 55, 55-61. 



13 When two groups of plants or of animals become incapable of cross-fertilization, 

 they would no doubt be recognized as separate species. Despite enormous differ- 

 ences in color, size, features, mentality, etc., the diverse races of Homo sapiens are 

 cross-fertile. 



14 "Tempo and Mode in Evolution." (1944). 



15 "Genetics and the Origin of Species." (1941). 



10 Publication No. 14, Am. Assoc. Adv. Sci. (1940) p. 163. 



17 Am. Naturalist (1942) 76, 433-44. 



18 "Paleontology Versus Genetics," Science (1930) 62, 1-3. 



19 Edited by Frances Mason, Macmillan, N. Y., 1928. 



