78 LIFE: ITS NATURE AND ORIGIN 



REFERENCES 



1 Kober and Eggerer, /. Am. Chem. Soc. (1915), 37, 2375. 



2 "Impurities in Metals," J. Wiley & Sons, New York, 1928, p. 94. 



3 "Biochemistry and Morphogenesis," pp. 194-6. 



4 Needham points out in a footnote that the Cartesian diver, often sold as a toy 

 under the name of "Cartesian devil," was first described in 1648 in a booklet on 

 the compressibility of water by Raffaele Magiotti, a pupil of Galileo; the book 

 has a diagram of the "diver," which, until this application, had remained a 

 philosophical toy. Descartes did not invent it, but the term "Cartesian" was some- 

 times applied to ingenious scientific or mechanical apparatus. 



5 Atomic Energy for Military Purposes, 1945, p. 101-2. 



6 Fleck and Haller, /. Am. Chem. Soc. (1946), 68, 142; A. L. Flenner, ibid., 68, 

 2399. 



7 J. Biol. Chem. (1939), 127, 353. 



8 See A. T. Shohl, "Mineral Metabolism," Chapter 11, Reinhold Pub. Corp., 1939. 



9 Professor William C. Rose (Univ. of Illinois) and collaborators [Science (1937), 

 86, 298, and "Nutrition Foundation Symposium," Nov. 13th, 1946] give the fol- 

 lowing data: 



Final Classification of the Amino Acids with Respect to 

 their Growth Effects in the Rat 



Essential Non-Essential 



Lysine Glycine 



Tryptophane Alanine 



Histidine Serine 



Phenylalanine Aspartic acid 



Leucine Glutamic acid 



Isoleucine Proline 



Threonine Hydroxyproline 



Methionine Tyrosine 



Valine Cystine 



Arginine* Citrulline 



* Arginine can be synthesized by the organism of the rat, but not at a sufficiently 

 rapid rate to meet the demands of maximum growth. 



10 The following Nobel prizes were awarded for work in these fields: A. Windaus 

 (1928), A. Harden (1929), O. Warburg (1931), Paul Karrer (1937), Albert von Szent- 

 Gyorgyi (1937), Richard Kuhn (1938), A. Butenandt (1939), L. Ruzicka (1939), 

 Edward A. Doisy (1943), Hendrik Dam (1943), Arturi Wirtanen (1945). 



11 Science (1930), 72, 528. 



12 Chemistry and Industry (1930), 49, 533. 



is Ann. N. Y. Acad, of Sci., Dec. 15th (1946) 47, 515-9. 



14 W. H. Price, Carl F. Cori and Sidney P. Colowick, /. Biol. Chem., (1945), 160, 

 633. 



15 Practitioner (1931), 127, 614. 



"Abstract in /. Am. Med. Assn. (1946), 131, 1238. 



17 Reference given in accompanying tables. 



18 J. Am. Chem. Soc. (1947), 69, 136-141. 



