IMMUNOLOGY AND SELF-SAVING CATALYSTS 153 



7 Proc. Soc. Exptl. Biol. Med. (1940), 43, 223. 

 *Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. (1946), 46, 969. 



9 Review by E. Grasset, South African Inst. Med. Publ. (1929), 4, 171; also J. 

 Needham, "Chemical Embryology," pp. 1 444 ff. 



10 For further details, see Landsteiner's book, "The Specificity of Immunological 

 Reactions," C. C. Thomas, 1936. 



11 J. Alexander, "Selective Adsorption and Differential Diffusion," /. Am Cliem. 

 Soc. (1917), 39, p. 87. 



12 Compt. rend. soc. biol. (1922), 86, 661, 711, 813; details may be found in standard 



texts. 

 12a "Colloid Chemistry," Vol. V, p. 571, Reinhold Pub. Corp., 1944. 



13 See J. Alexander, "Colloid Chemistry," 4th ed., p. 385, D. Van Nostrand Co., 

 1937. 



" Science, 80, Oct. 5 (1934). 



15 /. Heredity, Feb., 1935. 



i«/. Chem. Phys. (1939), 7, 492-505. 



17 The authors say: "In plating X-multilayers it has been observed that after 

 about 500 layers have been deposited, and the electrostatic repulsive field of the 

 multilayer has thus reached a certain value, the upper portion of the submerged 

 probe has a silvery appearance which gradually moves down the probe with increas- 

 ing number of dips, and film does not adhere to the multilayer over this portion. 

 The electrostatic repulsive field thus sets a limit to the thickness of X-multilayers 

 on insulators." Dr. Goranson informs me (private communication) that "if plating 

 is made on a metal, more layers can be put on because of the oppositely induced 

 charge of the metal." 



™ Science (1938), 87, 510. 



™Brit. J. Exptl. Path. (1935), 16, 116. 



20 Science (1942), 95, 49. 



21 "Colloid Chemistry," 4th ed., p. 418, by J. Alexander, D. Van Nostrand Co., 

 N. Y., 1937. Those interested in a historical account of the long conflict between 

 proponents of the various views and theories will find much summarized in "The 

 Chemical Aspects of Immunity" 2nd ed., 1929, by H. Gideon Wells, and in earlier 

 publications. More recent views are given by Wm. C. Boyd in "Fundamentals of 

 Immunology" (Interscience Pub., 1943) and in his paper on Immunology in 

 "Colloid Chemistry," Vol. V, pp. 957-979, Reinhold Publishing Corp., 1944. M. G. 

 Sevag in "Immuno-catalysis" (C. C. Thomas, 1945) has also adopted the catalytic 

 view. 



22 lib. cit., reference 5. 



23 A review of the question of adsorption and crystal modification by Wesley G. 

 France is given in "Colloid Chemistry," Vol. V, pp. 443-457, Reinhold Pub. 

 Corp., 1944. 



24 R. H. Kahn, in Alexander, "Colloid Chemistry," Vol. II, 1928. 



25 7. Exptl. Zool. (1913) 14, 515. 



26 Albert Tyler, "Specific interacting substances of eggs and sperm," Western J. 

 Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynecology (1942) 50, 126-138. 



27 "Colloid Chemistry," Vol. I, 1926. 



