216 Neanderthal Man 



clumsy, shuffling, loose- jointed being of great mus- 

 cular power." 



Neanderthal Man had a big head, spoilt from our 

 point of view by the prominence of the facial region, 

 which projected almost like a snout. The forehead 

 was very receding and the occiput protuberant — - 

 neither of them very agreeable features in modern 

 eyes. There was a very prominent continuous ridge 

 above the large orbits. The nose was also big and 

 prominent. The strong lower jaw is impressive, but 

 there is no chin. The teeth are massive, but in some 

 ways primitive. He was a true man, but his anthro- 

 poid ancestry is revealed in skull, vertebral column, 

 and limb bones. Sir Arthur Keith speaks of the "sim- 

 ian characters swarming in the details of his struc- 

 ture." In Walt Whitman's words, he was stuccoed all 

 over with quadrupeds. 



But what of his brain ? The average brain capacity 

 of Neanderthal Man, calculated by Professor Boule 

 from five intra-cranial casts, was 1450 cubic centi- 

 meters, and thus is about the same as the average in 

 some of the inferior races of mankind living to-day. 

 But we cannot base much on the size of the brain-case, 

 for Raphael's brain capacity was only 1420 cubic 

 centimeters, and that of a distinguished anatomist 

 was 100 cubic centimeters less. It is quality, not quan- 

 tity, of brain that counts, after we pass a certain 

 limiting line. 



But while Neanderthal Man was human enough as 

 regards the amount of his cerebral matter, a careful 

 investigation of the inside of his skull shows that he 



