Hunger and Love 121 



venturousness and courage, though these may be 

 blossoms of love as well as of hunger. 



Similarly, it is one of the largest facts of biology 

 that in the ascent of animal life the sex-urge becomes 

 linked to joyous emotions, artistic expressions, and 

 cooperative endeavors; that it joins hands with 

 parental instincts and affections; that it broadens 

 out into kin-sympathy and other raw materials of 

 morals. Physical fondness is transfigured as psychi- 

 cal love, especially in monogamous animals; and a 

 fortiori this should be true of man. Even among 

 animals the shoots of which sex is the common root 

 bear flowers — affection, self-sacrifice, courage, and 

 artistic self-expression. One has not to go beyond 

 birds to find abundant evidence. 



We are not, of course, suggesting that man's guid- 

 ance in morals should be confined to a study of the 

 animal kingdom — he has better guidance nearer 

 home — but we are concerned to point out that self- 

 regarding activities do not cover more than half of 

 animal life. If we are to be realists, let us not be one- 

 sided. Other-regarding activities occupy a large part 

 of the time and energy of a multitude of creatures, 

 both on instinctive and intelligent lines. It sometimes 

 happens, as among some insects, that an entire sec- 

 tion of the creature's life is preoccupied with satisfy- 

 ing hunger, while another section is largely given 

 over to love; it sometimes happens that there is a 

 hunger season and a love season; but in the total 

 woven fabric there is always the self-regarding warp 

 and the other-regarding woof. The thoroughly indi- 



