FIGURE NO. 17 



IV 



DEVELOPMENT OF ANTLERS OF RED DEER 



In the young buck of Cervus elaphus an outgrowth or 

 pedicle grows out from the frontal bone in the course of the 

 first year. This pedicle is a permanent structure. In the 

 second year (I) there grows an antler with an unbranched 

 stem. This falls off at the end of the season. Next year — the 

 third — the second antler (II) grows, with a stem and one 

 branch or tine. The thickened ridge at the base shows where 

 the antler drops off each year. A new tine is added each year, 

 e.g., Ill to V. No. V is an antler of the sixth year, with four 

 tines. But while the figure shows individual development, it 

 might also serve to show racial evolution, for the number of 

 tines attained was gradually added to as the race grew older. 

 This is shown by "rock-records" of ancestral species of deer. 

 The individual development recapitulates racial evolution. 



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