172 PLANT HYBRIDIZATION BEFORE MENDEL 



he had also found with the other plants, was entirely formed by the 

 female orgaiis. Of the change in the color of the seeds no mention 

 occurs here ; yet it is to be expected of Knight that this should not have 

 escaped him, if it had actually taken place in the case of his seeds. In 

 a later appearing report of this celebrated agricultural writer, the altera- 

 tion in the color of the seeds of peas through artificial pollination is 

 conceived, but in the second generation, however." (p. 80.) 



In view of a number of previousl}^ reported results with respect 

 to the immediate influence of foreign pollen upon the seed and 

 the fruit, Gartner undertook, in 1829, a series of experiments of 

 his own to this end. For this investigation he chose the following- 

 named varieties of garden peas : 



1. Parisian Wax Pea, tall, with white flowers, designated as 

 Pisum sativum luteum 



2. Red-flowered Sugar Pea {Pisum sativum macros per mu7n) 



3. White-flowered Creeping Pea with yellow seeds {Pisum sa- 

 tivum nanum repens) 



4. Early Green Brockel Pea {Pisum sativum viride). 



All of them, as he states, were constant and well-marked vari- 

 eties. The results may be summarized as follows (3f, pp. 80-6) : 



I. P. sativum luteum X P- macro spermum. 



The seeds from the four flowers pollinated gave 16 round 

 yellow seeds of the same size and form as the self-fertilized 

 flowers. 



II. P. sativum luteum X ^- sativum viride. 



From the five flowers pollinated the pods contained as fol- 

 lows ; 



1. 4 round-oval seeds of the same size as the self-fertilized, 

 of greenish-yellow color 



2. 6 round seeds of dirty-yellow color 



3. 1 seed, greenish-yellow 



4. remaining unfertilized 



5. 1 round seed, greenish-yellow. 



Gartner says (p. 82) : 



"All these seeds in the following year (1830) germinated well, and 

 furnished five sound plants." 



Of the color and form of the seeds of these plants, however, he 

 makes no report. 



