PLANT HYBRIDIZATION BEFORE MENDEL 213 



The remaining passages in which Mendel is referred to, under 

 the discussion of Hieracium (pp. 215, 216, 218, and 483) are as 

 follows : 



"That hybrids in this genus \Hieraciuin\ are very frequent, is certain; 

 individually, however, many of the views thus far are to be regarded 

 as not sufficiently assured. The hybrids are, according to Mendel's re- 

 sults, polymorphous, but the individual forms as a rule are true from 

 seed [pflegen samenbestandig zu sein]." (p. 215.) 



"//. auricula L. $ X pilosella L. ^ was artificially produced by Fr. 

 Schultz and G. Mendel." (p. 215.) 



"Mendel obtained only a single specimen from his artificial cross, 

 H. auric. $ X pilos. $ , which was somewhat fertile and furnished a 

 constant progeny." (p. 216.) 



"G. Mendel produced //. auric. 9 yC H. prat. $ artificially : he ob- 

 tained 3 specimens, which were markedly different among themselves, 

 and were tolerably fertile ; the progeny of each of these cases resembled 

 the mother plant." (p. 218.) 



"Mendel obtained H. auricul. 9 X aurantiacum $ , in two materially 

 different specimens, of which one (per-aurant.) was sterile, the other 

 (per-auricula.) produced a single seed." (p. 218.) 



"H. praealtum Vill. $ X aurantiacum L. ^ was obtained by G. Men- 

 del in two different tolerably fertile specimens. The progeny of each of 

 these individuals resembled the mother plant; however, an individual 

 of the second generation had attained completely normal fertility." 

 (p. 218.) 



"H. echioides Linn. $ X aurantiacum Linn. ^ G. Mendel obtained 

 in a single specimen, which was completely fertile and true to seed, and 

 even on pollination with the parent pollen furnished no reversions." 

 (p. 218.) 



"//. praealtum Vill. $ X fiagellare Rchd. $ G. Mendel obtained in a 

 single specimen, whose fertility was nearly normal, and whose progeny 

 was constant." (p. 218.) 



"The different primary forms of the Hieracium hybrids Mendel found 

 true from seed." (p. 483.) 



A general statement on p. 444 shows clearly the relative unim- 

 portance of Mendel to Focke's mind, the name being merely that 

 of a person who had made certain experiments calling for men- 

 tion. It will be noted that the peas experiments are not alluded 

 to at all in Focke's general discussion ("Geschichte der Bastard- 

 kunde," 1, pp. 429-45), but merely those with Phaseolus and 

 Hieracium^ as follows : 



"of the scientific crossing experiments from the most recent time, Rob. 

 Caspary's hybridizations of Nymphaeaceae, G. Mendel's with Phaseolus 

 and Hieracium, D. A. Godron's with Datura, Aegilops X Triticuin, and 

 Papaver, deserve to be designated as particularly instructive. Godron's 

 series of experiments with Datura crosses are to be regarded as the most 

 signal work [als die hervorragendste Leistung]." (1, p. 444.) 



