268 PLANT HYBRIDIZATION BEFORE MENDEL 



particular case, originating in 1829, the shoot arising from the 

 bud was manifestly a vegetative hybrid in its characters, and has 

 since been multiplied, and introduced into botanical gardens and 

 elsewhere. For a long time, until the experiments of H. Winkler 

 (1907-10) on "graft-hybrids" (chimaeras), Cytisus adami was 

 almost the sole type-representative of the class. Macfarlane de- 

 votes eleven pages to the discussion of the anatomical details of 

 the plant and its stock-scion parentage. 



No summary of the whole of Macfarlane's investigation can 

 be given, except to state that in general the hybrid forms studied 

 gave almost complete intermediacy in most of the principal de- 

 tails of structure. The case of Philagena veitchii, produced in 

 the nurseries of Messrs. Veitch at Exeter, was first described fully 

 in its gross morphological characters by Dr. M. T. Masters in 

 the Gardeners' Chronicle for 1872. The two parents differ widely 

 in habit, Lapageria rosea being a twining plant, 25 to 30 ft. in 

 length, inhabiting the forests along the lower levels of the Andes, 

 from Valdivia to Concepcion ; Philesia buxifolia being a "low- 

 growing, dense, tufted shrub, attaining a height of ten to fifteen 

 inches," inhabiting "the swampy, unproductive wind and rain- 

 swept region extending from Chile southwards to Tierra del 

 Fuego." The hybrid, which is called a "scrambling shrub," is 

 described by Masters as being in habit more nearly akin to the 

 female parent {Lapageria) ; the foliage intermediate, but nearest 

 like Philesia; flower stalk, calyx and corolla more like Philesia; 

 stamens and pistil resembling more the Lapageria parent. 



The anatomical characters of the hybrid and of its parents may 

 be briefly summarized from Macfarlane's details as follows: (Di- 

 ameters in jx.) 



LAPAGERIA PHILESIA PHILAGERIA (f^ HYBRId) 



Outer cortex cells 



60 20 32-35 



Inner cortex cells (av.) 

 100-120 45-50 70-75 



Bundle-sheath cells 

 48-50 (radially) 35 (radially) 



35-40 (tangentially) 18-20 (isodiametric) 20-22 (tangentially) 



Cells of stem 

 Epidermal cells 

 100x30x25 80x30x35 60x30x40 



