PLANT HYBRIDIZATION BEFORE MENDEL 349 



"The taller type has always the greater influence, indifferently as to 

 whether it is due to the maternal or the paternal variety. The deriva- 

 tives of a relatively dwarf sort appear, after pollination with the pollen 

 of a relatively tall one, as Andrew Knight has already observed, rela- 

 tively strongly increased in height; in the reverse case, the hybrids, if 

 generally so, are yet only a little dwarfed." {ib., p. 234.) 



The author's account follows of the results obtained in respect 

 to form and color inheritance in the seeds : 



"In certain cases of artificial crossing of different varieties of peas, a 

 direct influence of the foreign pollen upon the seeds could be deter- 

 mined. Quite definite combinations led with regularity to this effect. The 

 characters, which were taken into consideration for the recognition of 

 such an influence, related to the form of the seeds, and the color of 

 the storage tissue. The seeds of the varieties used were either round, and 

 at the same time smooth or only slightly wrinkled, or they were more 

 or less cubical (Pismn quadratuyn), and at the same time deeply wrinkled. 

 The color of the storage tissues was either yellow, or green in many 

 shades. My experiments gave as a result that the selected differences in 

 the same structure, and hence the characteristic 'characters' of the indi- 

 vidual varieties, showed themselves in respect to their inheritance as not 

 of equal value. Regularly the. one character in question of the paternal 

 or maternal plant comes exclusively to development (dominating char- 

 acter according to Mendel), in contrast to the recessive character of the 

 other parent plant, which, however, in the seeds of the hybrid plants 

 is accustomed in part to come again to light. In harmony with the state- 

 ments of Mendel, the round, smooth form manifested itself as dominat- 

 ing, in contrast to the cubical, deeply wrinkled one ; the yellow colora- 

 tion of the storage tissue in contrast to the green color, and indifferently 

 indeed whether the seed- or the pollen-parent possessed this character 

 (as also Mendel)." (p. 235.) 



Von Tschermak calls attention to a fact not mentioned in Men- 

 del's paper, that: 



"The appearance of the dominating and the recessive character is not 

 a purely exclusive one. In individual cases I was able further to deter- 

 mine with certainty a simultaneous appearance of both, that is to say, of 

 transition stages. The principle founded by the investigator named of the 

 regular inequality cf the characters for the inheritance, receives full 

 confirmation through my experiments with Pisum sativum, as well as 

 through the observations of Kornicke, Correns, and De Vries upon Zea 

 mays, and further by De Vries in his species crosses, and shows itself to 

 be highly significant for the doctrine" of inheritance generally." {ih., 

 P- 235-) 



A fact of considerable interest, likewise not noted by Mendel, 

 is cited as follows : 



"In certain cases of form and, in part, of color-difference of the parent 

 varieties, and of indicated character-fusion in the products, each of the 

 parent sorts showed relatively more influence upon the structure (espe- 



