352 PLANT HYBRIDIZATION BEFORE MENDEL 



"The previously listed differences of the same structure, in other words, 

 the characteristic 'characters of the individual varieties, manifested them- 

 selves in respect to inheritance, as not being equivalent. Regularly, the 

 character in question, of the father or mother plant, comes exclusively 

 into expression (dominating characters according to Mendel), in con- 

 tradistinction to the recessive character of the other parent plant, which, 

 however, is accustomed to come again to light in part in the seeds of 

 the hybrid plant. As dominating, in harmony with the statements of 

 Mendel, the round, smooth form as opposed to the cubical and deeply 

 wrinkled one; the yellow color of the storage tissue as opposed to the 

 green color, and indifferently, whether the seed of the pollen parent 

 possessed this character (as likewise Mendel)." (ib., pp. 505-6.) 



The author notes that : 



"In individual cases of artificial crossing of different varieties of peas, 

 a direct influence of the foreign pollen upon the seeds could be deter- 

 mined. To these effects quite definite combinations led with regularity. 

 The characters which were taken into consideration for the recognition 

 of such an influence concerned the form of the seeds and the color of 

 the storage tissue. The seeds of the varieties used were either round, and 

 at the same time smooth, or only gently wrinkled, mostly somewhat 

 oblong through close packing in the pods, or else they were more or 

 less cubical (Pisu?n quadratum), and at the same time deeply wrinkled. 

 The color of the storage tissues is either yellow, or green in various 

 shades ; the pod is mostly dirty-to-yellowish white, or it shows a more 

 or less marked yellowish-green to green shimmer, which proceeds from 

 tannin-like pigments which appear partly in the hard layer, and partly 

 in the parenchyma layer, or in both together. With the colors mentioned 

 of the seed-coat white flower-color is always correlated. Gray, gray- 

 brown, leather-brown, often dotted with violet, as well as green with 

 violet spots, is combined with flowers which show a violet-colored stand- 

 ard, and purple wings, with red markings in the leaf axils." (p. 505.) 



The first distinct mention in the paper of Mendelian results is 

 in connection with the height experiment {ib., p. 476) : 



"The products of crossing further afford opportunity to study the 

 direct influence of the pollen upon their color and form. Such an in- 

 fluence showed itself in crosses between differently colored and differ- 

 ently formed peas, for definite combinations, with the greatest regu- 

 larity." 



The above experiment, having been planned for the different 

 purposes hitherto named, was not followed up from the Men- 

 delian standpoint. 



The author finds (ib., p. 5^7) • 



"The appearance of the dominating and of the recessive character 

 is not a purely exclusive one. In individual cases, I could, on the con- 

 trary, detect with certainty a simultaneous appearance of both inter- 

 mediates. 



