228 



Gordon A. Riley 



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AIR TEMPERATURE 



WATER TEMPERATURE 



SALINITY 



PRECIPITATION 



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M'A'M J'J'AS 

 1952 



N ' D ' J ' F 

 1953 



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1954 



Fig. 2. Average temperature in °C and salinity in parts per mille at the surface (solid lines) and 

 bottom (dotted lines) at offshore stations 2 to 5 (cf. Fig. 1). Weekly averages of air temperature 

 recorded by the New Haven Weather Bureau and total precipitation in cm between successive dates 



of oceanographic observation. 



The gross features of nutrient cycles are characteristic of temperate waters, but the 

 proportions of nitrate-nitrogen and phosphorus are anomalous. During the winter 

 maxima, the ratio of N :P by atoms has been of the order of 8 : 1 , about half the value 

 that might be expected in oceanic waters. The late winter flowerings of 1953 and 1954 

 almost completely exhausted the supply of nitrate in about three weeks but left a 

 residuum of about 0-5 (i.g-at of phosphate-P in the water. 



Most of the spring and summer analyses have shown little or no nitrate in any part 

 of the water column. Harris (unpublished) has found small but significant quantities 

 of ammonia, and this, together with organic nitrogen compounds, constitutes the 

 main source of supply. Phosphate values during the same period generally have 

 been within the range of 0-2 to 1 lag-at P per litre. Phosphate tended to increase 

 gradually during the summer and more rapidly in autumn. Nitrate remained low 



