310 TOWARDS THE HUMAN FORM 



Among the Perissodactyla, which were more numerous than 

 the Artiodactyla, Hyrachyns began the line which led to the 

 Rhinoceros, and Orohippus that which led to the Horse. 



In the fourth phase, corresponding to the Neo-Nummulitic, 1 

 numerous types, notably marsupials, 2 became common to 

 North America and Europe, but the two Americas remain 

 completely separated. Side by side with the Marsupials, 

 Peratherium, the Creodonts are still represented by Hycenodon. 

 The true Carnivores likewise made their appearance with 

 Cynodictis, which appears also in France, and to which 

 Filhol has related all the other Carnivora. Perissodactyla, 

 Protapirus, presaged the coming of the Tapirs, and Meso- 

 hippus formed a new link in the genealogy of the Horses ; later 

 on they were associated with Miohippus? Finally, among 

 the Artiodactyla, common to the old and new Worlds, we 

 find Elotherium, Anthracotherium, and Hyopotanvus. 



The basin of Paris and of the south of England was not, at 

 this epoch, equally rich in Mammals. Nevertheless, after the 

 Thanetian, we find the following : in the tufa of la Fere, 

 Arctocyon, a large plantigrade Creodont whose name signifies 

 bear-dog ; in the sandy beds of Cernay discovered by Victor 

 Lemoine, and belonging to the Upper Thanetian and the 

 Sparnacian, in the conglomerate of Meudon and Vaugirard : 

 Neoplagiaulax, Hycenodictis, and Arctocyon, Lemurs of the 

 genus Plesiadapis, and lying above other Creodonts, 4 

 Coryphodun, as in America, and Lophiodon, the precursors 

 of the Tapirs. At this same level of the Sparnacian, more- 

 over, the sands of Ay and the London clay have yielded 

 Hycenodictis and Pachynoluphus, the latter constituting an 

 advance in the direction of the Tapirs. To these genera must 

 be added, among others, in the Lutetian or the coarse lime- 

 stone of Gentilly, Passy, and Nanterre, the first Palceotherium, 

 and Pigs of the genera Dichobune and Cebochcerus. Then come 

 the famous Ludian gypsum formations of Montmartre, where 

 Cuvier made the discoveries that laid the foundations of 

 palaeontology. Here were discovered Peratherium, also known 



1 Lutetian, Auversian, Bartonian, Ludian (in the order of their age). 

 * The Oligocene or Tongrian comprises, in the order of their antiquity, the 

 Lattorfian, the Rupelian, and the Chattian. 



3 Besides Ronzotherium, which belongs to the Rhinocerotidae, there are 

 Entolodon, Protapirus, Paratapirus, Cadurcotherium, Titanomys. 



4 Pachyhycsna, Palcsonictis. 



