LIFE IN TERTIARY TIMES 311 



in America, Cynohy&nodon, Crcodonta with teeth similar 

 to those of the Cynhyaenas, Cynodictis, P alee other ium, 

 Anoplotherium, Xiphodon, and among Lemurs Adapts, all of 

 which since Cuvier's time have been quoted in the most 

 elementary textbooks. The earliest Bat, the true Vespertilio, 

 also made its appearance. This fauna is almost exactly reproduced 

 in the Lattorfian limestone of Brie, and in the Rupelian sands of 

 la Ferte-Aleps appears the first European representative of 

 the Rhinoceros group, Acerotherium, still without a nasal 

 horn. An analogous fauna is found at Ronzon in Velay, but 

 here we must also draw attention, along with the Ccenotherium, 

 intermediate between Anoplotherium and the Ruminants, 

 to the first true Ruminant, Gelocus. 



Analogous animals lived in the Quercy district, where the 

 waters have hollowed out in the limestone plateaux extensive 

 caverns, whose walls have been covered with a layer of 

 phosphorite, and into which all sorts of bone fragments have 

 been carried. These bones, studied by Filhol, belong to the 

 second half of the Meso-nummulitic and the commencement of 

 the Neo-nummulitic. Finally, during the Chattian period, are 

 seen the precursors of the Shrew-mice (Amphisorex, Sorex), 

 the Moles (Myogale), Otters (Potamotherium) , Cats (Eusmilus), 

 Beavers (Stenofiber) , and hornless Ruminants (Dremotherinm, 

 A mph itragulus) . 



While Mammals were thus evolving in the different portions 

 of what had been the North Atlantic continent, evolution was 

 proceeding along entirely different lines in those parts of 

 America and South Africa, which resulted from the dismember- 

 ment of the old Gondwana continent. In the Montian 

 Epoch Dinosaurs still survived in these regions. There were 

 also numerous Allotheria, 1 Marsupials already analogous to 

 our Opossum, Edentata foreshadowing Megatherium, 

 Orycteropodidae which still live in South Africa, Sloths and 

 Armadillos which have remained exclusively South American, 

 Insectivora, 2 Typotheria, Amblypoda, many of them allied 

 to Lophiodon, 3 the precursors of the Proboscidea nowadays 

 localized in Asia and Africa, Phenacodon already existing in 

 North America, the Hyracoidea analogous to the Hyracidae, 

 whose representatives are now confined to Asia and Africa, 



1 Plagiaulacidae, Polydolopyda?, Promyzopidac, Odontomysopidae. 



2 Spalacotheridae. 



3 Carolozittelia, Paulogervaisia. 



