CONTENTS 



8. Bacterial flagella 



PAGE 



PREFACE 



1 INTRODUCTION 1 



2 THE STRUCTURE OF CILIA 



1. Introduction 11 



2. The structure of a typical ciliary organelle 13 



3. Variations in shaft structure 30 



4. Centrioles and ciliary bases 48 



5. Intracellular structures associated with ciliary bases 61 



6. Haptonemata 73 

 Stereocilia " 74 



/D 



3 FACTORS WHICH AFFECT CILIARY ACTIVITY 



1. Ciliary activity and its measurement 77 



2. The effect of temperature on ciliary activity 79 



3. Viscosity of the medium and ciliary activity 83 



4. Hydrostatic pressure and ciliary activity 86 



5. Electric currents and ciliary activity 89 



6. Osmotic pressure and ciliary activity 94 



7. Ions and ciliary activity 95 



8. Oxygen, respiration and ciliary activity 102 



9. Adenosine triphosphate and ciliary activity 107 



10. Hormones and ciliary activity 110 



11. Effects of other chemicals on ciliary activity 116 



12. Control of ciliary activity by the organism 120 



13. Microdissection studies on ciliated tissues 124 



4 THE MOVEMENT OF CILIA AND FLAGELLA 



1. The form of beat of flagella 127 



2. The form of beat of cilia 138 



3. The functions of the parts of cilia 145 



4. The mechanism of beat 152 



5. The energy relationships of cilia and flagella 164 



6. The determination of the rate of beat of cilia 167 



7. Summary 168 



