HAPTONEMATA 73 



believes that its motion is independent of the flagellar movements 

 because the structures do not move in unison. Note here that 

 Randall and Jackson (1958) found that the ** kinetodesmata " 

 could well be the contractile structures at the body surface of 

 Stentor. 



In the more complex flagellates many more flagella may be 

 present, e.g. Lophomonas has about 100 flagella (Beams, King, 

 Tahmisian and Devine, 1958, 1960), while Trichonympha 

 campanula has 12,000 to 14,000 (Gibbons and Grimstone, 1960), 

 so that rather different root arrangements are to be expected. The 

 flagella of Lophomonas arise around one end of the animal in 

 concentric rows. Within the rows the basal bodies of the flagella 

 are inter-connected by filaments at their inner ends and at the 

 middle, giving a similar appearance to the connexions between the 

 basal bodies of component cilia of cirri and membranelles. 



The flagella of Trichonympha are borne in longitudinal rows, 

 and the proximal regions of the basal bodies are regularly inter- 

 connected, both within and between the rows, by a complex of 

 fine filaments about 20 A thick (Fig. 17). Lying beneath the 

 flagellar bases in the anterior region of Trichonympha is a rostal 

 tube carrying striated ribs which continue in the posterior region 

 as striated ribbons (striation period about 500 A). These para- 

 basal ribbons are fewer in number than the flagellar rows, and it is 

 not certain if all the bases have connexions with the ribbons, 

 although Pitelka and Schooley (1958) have found that the 

 anterior ends of parabasal filaments are associated with flagellar 

 bases. 



More definite connexions are present between the basal bodies 

 of the related flagellate Holomastigotoides, whose flagella are 

 borne in spiral rows. Here the fine connexions may be lacking, 

 but a thick fibrous band runs along the side of each row and 

 connects all the bases together (PI. Xllla) (Gibbons and Grim- 

 stone, 1960). Incidentally, it is on the right of the row, in the 

 position that the kinetodesma would occupy in a ciliate. The 

 fibrous band is made of many very fine longitudinal filaments, 

 with denser regions at each basal body and half-way between 

 adjacent bases. Other dense bands of material are present beneath 

 the flagella at the anterior end of the animal; these may be 

 homologous with the striated fibres of Trichonympha. 



