BIBLIOGRAPHY I45 



pounds is a great improvement on the biological method, 

 just as the speed of aeroplanes at present is an improvement 

 on that of the earlier horse-drawn carriages of the time of 

 Dickens. 



However, this new and efficient method of synthesis of 

 organic substances can only arise on the basis of a tremendous 

 development in human society ; on the basis of new social 

 forms which are far higher and more efficient than the bio- 

 logical ones. It will therefore gradually supersede the old 

 method of photosynthesis which now seems efficient and even 

 the only possible method. Certainly this is still only a dream, 

 but it is already a dream with a scientific foundation and it 

 shoAvs ^vhat tremendous vistas of a cosmic nature are opening 

 out before mankind as the result of a wise and progressive 

 use of the achievements of science. 



BIBLIOGRAPHY TO CHAPTER IV 



1. C. Sterne. Entivicklung der Erde und des Kosmos, der Pfian- 



zen und der wirbellosen Tiere. Leipzig, 1905. 



2. J. J. Berzelius. Lehrhuch der Chemie (Ubers. K. A. Blode 



und K. Palmstedt). Vol. 3. Dresden, 1827. 



3. F. WoHLER. Ann. Phys., Lpz., 12, 253 (1828). 



4. Quoted by E. Hjelt. Geschichte der organische Chemie von 



dltester Zeit bis zum Gegenwart. Braunschweig, 1916. 



A. Arbuzov. Kratkii ocherk razvitiya organischeskoi khimii v 



Rossii. Moscow and Leningrad (Izd. AN SSSR), 1948. 



5. A. Bernthsen. Kurzes Lehrbuch der organische Chemie (8 



Aufl.). Braunschweig, 1902. 

 P. Karrer. Lehrbuch der organischen Chemie (4 Aufl.). 

 Leipzig, 1936. 



6. C. Schorlemmer. The rise and development of organic 



chemistry. (Revised edition.) London, 1894. 



7. A. Chichibabin. Osnovnye nachala organicheskoi khimii. 



Moscow (Goskhimizdat), 1954. 



8. K. Timiryazev. Sochineniya. Vol. 4, p. 161. Moscow (Sel'- 



khozgiz), 1938. 



9. S. WiNOGRADSKY. Bot. Ztg, 4^, 489, 606 (1887) ; 46, 262 



(1888). 

 10. S. ViNOGRADSKii. O roH mikrobov v obshchem krugovorote 

 zhizni. Address to General Assembly of Members 

 of Imperial Institute of Experimental Medicine 

 (8/12/1896). St. Petersburg, 1897. 



10 



