BIBLIOGRAPHY 34 1 



organisation. Without any such organisation, within a simple 

 homogeneous sohition, the free chemical energy which is 

 liberated by the reacting substances could only be distributed 

 in the form of heat and would be dissipated uselessly. There- 

 fore an open system which can do work can only exist when 

 the components are separated from one another in space 

 within the framework of a definite structure. 



Any system which could serve as a starting point for the 

 evolution of matter on the way to the origin of life must have 

 been based on the principles of organisation in space and 

 time which characterise all living things without exception. 

 As we saw above, this condition is fulfilled by a drop of a 

 complex coacervate formed of polypeptides, polynucleotides 

 and other substances of high molecular weight and having 

 the properties of an open system with its characteristic net- 

 work of reactions which are interdependent in time. 



We cannot, however, rightly regard a system of this kind 

 as being already alive. Only by a process of progressive 

 evolution could the simplest living bodies arise from it. 



BIBLIOGRAPHY TO CHAPTER VII 



1. A. KossEL. Hoppe-Seyl. Z., 22, 176 (1896). 

 F. W. TiEBACKX. Kolloidzschr., 8, 198 (1911). 



2. W. OsTWALD and R. Kohler. Kolloidzschr., ^^, 131 (1927). 



3. H. G. Bungenberg de Jong. Protoplasma, i^, 1 10 (1932). 



4. G. Gavoret and J. Duclaux. /. Chim. phys., 42, 41 (1945). 



H. R. Kruyt (ed.). Colloid Science, Vol. 2. Amsterdam, 



1949- 

 Sadhan Basu and Gurucharan Bhattacharya. Science, 11^, 



544 (1952). 



5. H. G. Bungenberg de Jong and J. M. F. Landsmeer. Rec. 



Trav. chim. Pays-Bas, 6^, 606 (1946) ; Proc. Acad. 

 Sci., Amst., 5/, 295 (1948). 



6. H. Pirenne. Rev. univ. Min., 13, 227 (1937)- Through 



Chem. Abstr., 57, 4872 (1937)- 



7. H. G. Bungenberg de Jong and K. C. Winkler. Z. anorg. 



Chem., 232, 119 (1937). 



8. N. E. Prikhid'ko and V. S. Molchanov. Kolloid. Zhur., i^, 



450 (1950- 



