CONTENTS Xlll 



49. The theory of gas chains 164 



50. The electromotive series 167 



50a. Oxidation-reduction potentials and the quinhydrone electrode.. .. 169 



Chapter VII 



DIFFUSION POTENTIALS (POTENTIAL DIFFERENCES AT LIQUID JUNCTIONS) 



51. Diffusion potentials 174 



52. The physiological significance of diffusion potentials 182 



Chapter VIII 



POTENTIALS AT PHASE BOUNDARIES 



53. The origin and calculation of phase boundary potentials 183 



54. Phase boundary chains 191 



55. The direction of the current in phase boundary chains 195 



56. The concentration effect 196 



57. The ionic series 205 



58. The electromotive series of the oils 207 



59. The physiological application of the theory of phase boundary 



potentials 209 



60. Potentials at precipitation membranes 215 



61. Polarization phenomena at phase boundaries 218 



Chapter IX 



MEMBRANE POTENTIALS 



62. The membrane as the cause of a potential 220 



63. The relation of membrane potentials to phase boundary potentials 228 



Chapter X 



ADSORPTION POTENTIALS AND ELECTROKINETIC PHENOMENA 



64. Definition of adsorption 232 



65. The adsorption of electrolytes by charcoal 234 



66. The exceptional position of H- and OH-ions 236 



67. Charcoal as an insoluble ampholyte; acidoids, basoids, ampholytoids, 



saloids 239 



68. The equivalent adsorptions of the ions of a salt by charcoal ; the neu- 



tralization effect of charcoal 242 



69. Other adsorbents 243 



70. The formation of a charge upon phase boundary surfaces due to ad- 



sorption of ions 245 



71. The earlier history of electroendosmosis 246 



72. Helmholtz's theory of electroendosmosis 248 



73. The theory of electrophoresis 250 



