236 THE CASE AGAINST EVOLUTION 



in the latter, give no evidence whatever of rational or moral 

 control. 



§ 4. Darwinian Anthropomorphism 



The spiritual mind of man represents an eminence to which 

 evolving matter can never attain. This, then, is the hill that 

 must needs be laid low, if the path of Darwinian materialism 

 is to be a smooth one. There is, therefore, nothing very sur- 

 prising in the fact that Darwin and his followers, from Huxley 

 down to Robinson, have done all in their power to obscure and 

 belittle the psychological differences between man and the 

 brute. The objective of their strategy is twofold, namely, the 

 brutalization of man and its converse, the humanization of the 

 brute. The ascent will be easier to imagine, if man can be 

 depressed, and the brute raised, to levels that are not far 

 apart. To this end, the Darwinian zealots have, on the one 

 hand, spared no pains to minimize the superiority and dignity 

 of human reason by the dissemination of sensistic association- 

 ism, psychophysical parallelism, and various other forms of 

 "psychology without a soul"; and they have striven, on the 

 other hand, to exalt to the utmost the psychic powers of the 

 brute by means of a crude and credulous anthropomorphism, 

 which, for all its scientific pretensions, is quite indistinguish- 

 able from the naivete of the author of "Black Beauty" ^ and 

 the sentimentality of S. P. C. A. fanatics, vegetarians, anti- 

 vivisectionists, etc. The first of these tendencies we have 

 already discussed, the second remains to be considered. 



When it comes to anthropomorphizing the brute, Darwin has 

 not been outdistanced by the most reckless of his disciples. 

 Three entire chapters of the "Descent of Man" are filled with 

 this "vulgar psychology" (as Wundt so aptly styles it). It is 

 the sum and substance of the entire fabric of argumentation, 

 which he erects in support of his thesis that "the difference in 



'Title of a horse's autobiography by Anna Sewall, the horse's alter 

 ego. 



