THE ORIGIN OF THE HUMAN SOUL 251 



engaged in stalking, giving evidence in this way of the regula- 

 tion o'f their hunting instincts by sensory impressions. 

 Whether this element of psychic control is based upon object- 

 perception, or simple sensation, and whether it involves a 

 sensual impulse, or is merely sensori-motor, we have, natu- 

 rally, no direct means of ascertaining. But the presence of 

 some sort of sensory regulation is evident enough, e.g. in the 

 prompt and unerring flight of vultures to distant carrion. 

 Moreover, there is a close analogy between our sense organs 

 and those of an animal. Particularly, in the case of the higher 

 animals, the resemblance of the sense organs and nervous 

 system to our own is extremely close, so much so that even the 

 localization of sensory and motor centers in the brain is prac- 

 tically identical in dogs, apes, and men. Moreover, the ani- 

 mals make analogous use of their sense organs, orientating 

 them and accommodating them for perception, and using them 

 to inspect strange objects, etc., e.g. they turn their eyes, prick 

 up their ears, snuff the wind, etc. Again, analogous motor and 

 emotional effects result from the stimulation of their sense 

 organs, and brutes make emotional displays of anger, exulta- 

 tion, fear, etc., similar to our own. Hence it is to be presumed 

 that they have similar sensuous experiences. The analogy, 

 however, must not be pressed further than the external mani- 

 festations warrant. With brute animals, the manifestations in 

 question are confined exclusively to phenomena of the sensuous 

 order. 



Another indication of sensory control is found in the repair- 

 work performed by animals endowed with the constructive 

 instinct. C. F. Schroeder, for instance, experimenting on cer- 

 tain caterpillars, found that they repaired their weaving, 

 whenever it was disturbed by the experimenter. Fabre, too, 

 discovered that a Mason-bee would plaster up holes or clefts 

 marring the integrity of its cell, provided that the bee was 

 actually engaged in the process of plastering at the time, and 

 provided that the experimenter inflicted the damage at the 

 level, and within the area, of the construction work on which 



