254 THE CASE AGAINST EVOLUTION 



integrity of A. This shows that the animal is guided, in its 

 repair-work, by sense, which is bound to the here and now, and 

 not by intelligence, which is an abstractive faculty that eman- 

 cipates from the actual and concrete present, and enables the 

 possessor to hark back to the past of its performance, should 

 necessity require. Thus Fabre found that the Mason-bee, 

 after it had turned from building to the foraging of honey and 

 pollen, would no longer repair holes pricked in its cell, but 

 suffered the latter to become a veritable vessel of the 

 Dana'ides, which it vainly strove to fill with its liquid prov- 

 ender. Though the holes affected portions extremely close 

 to the topmost layer of masonry, and although it frequently 

 sounded and explored these unaccustomed holes with its an- 

 tennae, it took no steps to check the escape of the honey and 

 pollen by recurring to its mason craft of earlier stages. And, 

 finally, when it did resume the plasterer's trade in constructing 

 a lid for the cell, it would spare no mortar to plug the gaping 

 breaches in the walls of its cell, but deposited its egg in a 

 chamber drained of honey, and then proceeded to perform the 

 useless work of closing with futile diligence only the topmost 

 aperture in this much perforated dwelling. Obviously, there- 

 fore, the bee failed to perceive the connection which existed 

 between these breaches and the escape of the honey, and it was 

 unable to apply its instinctive building skill to nem uses by 

 abstraction from the definite connection, in which the latter is 

 normally operative. 



Sense, therefore, and not intelligence, is the regulatory 

 principle of instinct. To recognize causal and telic relation- 

 ships is the prerogative of a superorganic intelligence. The 

 transcendental link by which a useful means is referred to an 

 ulterior end is something that cannot be sensed, but only 

 understood. An animal, therefore, acts toward an end, not 

 on account of an end. Nature, however, has compensated for 

 this ignorance by implanting in each species of animal a spe- 

 cial teh^Iogical disposition, by reason of which objects and 

 actions, which are, under normal conditions, objectively use- 



