270 THE CASE AGAINST EVOLUTION 



lutionary process, all existing types must be of equal antiquity, 

 and none prior or ancestral to any other. Hence it regards man, 

 not as the direct descendant of any known type of ape, but 

 as the offspring of an as yet undiscovered Tertiary ancestor, 

 from which men and apes have diverged in two distinct lines 

 of descent. "Monkeys, apes, and men,^' says Conklin, "have 

 descended from some common but at present extinct ancestor. 

 Existing apes and monkeys are collateral relatives of man but 

 not his ancestors; his cousins but not his parents. . . . The 

 human branch diverged from the anthropoid stock not less 

 than two million years ago, and since that time man has 

 been evolving in the direction represented by existing human 

 races, while the apes have been evolving in the direction rep- 

 resented by existing anthropoids. During all this time men 

 and apes have been growing more and more unlike and con- 

 versely the farther back we go, the more we should find them 

 converging until they meet in a common stock which should 

 be intermediate between these two stocks." ("Evolution and 

 the Bible," pp. 12, 13 — italics his.) 



Barnum Brown's recent discovery of three jaws of the fossil 

 ape Dryopithecus in the Siwalik Hills of India has, as pre- 

 viously intimated, resulted in a return on the part of certain 

 scientists, e.g. Wm. K. Gregory and Dudley J. Morton, to views 

 that more nearly approximate those of Charles Darwin. Ac- 

 cording to these men, the fossil anthropoid Dryopithecus is to 

 be regarded as the common ancestor of men, chimpanzees, and 

 gorillas. (Cf. Science, April 25, 1924, Suppl. XII.) 



Many considerations, however, militate against the direct 

 derivation of man's bodily frame from any known species of 

 ape, whether living or fossil. Dana has pointed out that, as 

 regards the mechanism of locomotion, man belongs to a more 

 primitive type than the ape. The earliest and lowest type of 

 vertebrates are the fish, and these, according to the above- 

 mentioned author, are urosthenic (tail-strong), inasmuch as 

 they propel themselves by means of their tails. Next in point 

 of organization and time came the merosthenic vertebrates, 



