THE ORIGIN OF THE HUMAN BODY 273 



touches the breastbone. Man's head is round, and resting on 

 a free neck, balances unrestrained upon the spinal column. 

 The gorilla's body, without a waist, swells out barrel-shaped, 

 and when straightened up finds no sufficient support on the 

 pelvis; the back-bone, tailless as in man, but almost straight, 

 loses itself without nape or neck formation properly so-called 

 in the rear part of the head and without protuberance of the 

 gluteal region in the flat thighs. Man's body is slightly 

 molded, like an hour-glass, the chest and abdomen meeting to 

 form a waist where they are narrowest; the abdominal viscera 

 are perfectly supported in the pelvis as in a plate; and ele- 

 gance is decidedly gained by the double S-line, which, curving 

 alternately convex and concave, passes from the crown through 

 the neck and nape, down the back to the base of the spine and 

 the gluteal region. The normal position of the gorilla shows 

 us a plump, bear-like trunk, carried by short, crooked legs and 

 by arms which serve as crutches and touch the ground with 

 the knuckles of the turned-in fingers. The posture of the body 

 is perfectly straight in man, it rests on the legs as on columns 

 when he stands upright, and his hands hang down on both 

 sides always ready for use. The gorilla is thickly covered 

 with hair, while man's body on the whole is naked." (Op. dt., 

 vol. II, p. 213.) 



In conclusion, we may say that, while there is a general 

 resemblance between the human body and that of an anthro- 

 poid ape, there is, likewise, a particular divergence — "there is 

 no bone, be it ever so small, nay, not even the smallest particle 

 of a bone, in which the general agreement in structure and 

 function would pass over into reahidentity." (Ranke, op. cit., 

 vol. I, p. 437.) Hence Virchow declares that "the differences 

 between man and monkey are so wide that almost any frag- 

 ment is sufficient to diagnose them." (Smithson. Inst. Rpt. for 

 1889, p. 566.) These differences are so considerable as to 

 preclude the possibility of a direct genealogical connection 

 between man and any known type of ape or monkey — "The 

 testimony of comparative anatomy," to quote Bumliller, "is 



