THE ORIGIN OF THE HUMAN BODY 285 



"recur with great regularity and uniformity in the develop- 

 ment of different species of animals, is due chiefly to the fact 

 that under all circumstances they supply the necessary condi- 

 tion under which alone the next higher stage in ontogeny 

 (embryological development) can be produced." ("AUgemeine 

 Biologic," 1906, p. 595.) The same author, therefore, proposes 

 to revamp Haeckel's "biogenetisches Grundgesetz" as follows: 

 "We must leave out the words 'recapitulation of forms of ex- 

 tinct ancestors' and substitute for them 'repetition of forms 

 regularly occurring in organic development, and advancing 

 from the simple to the more complex.' " {Op. cit., p. 593.) 



Finally, when applied to the problem of man's alleged gene- 

 tic connection with the ape, the biogenetic principle proves 

 the exact reverse of what the Darwinians desire; for as a 

 matter of fact the young apes resemble man much more closely 

 in the shape of the skull and facial features than do the adult 

 animals. Inasmuch, therefore, as the ape, in its earlier de- 

 velopment, reveals a more marked resemblance to man than 

 is present in its later stages, it follows, according to the ''bio- 

 genetic law," that man is the ancestor of the ape. This, how- 

 ever, is inadmissible, seeing that the ape is by no means a 

 more recent type than man. Consequently, as applied to man, 

 the Haeckelian principle leads to a preposterous conclusion, 

 and thereby manifests its worthlessness as a clue to phylogeny. 

 Julius Kollmann, it is true, gives serious attention to this like- 

 ness between young apes and men, and makes it the basis of his 

 scheme of human evolution. "Kollmann," says Dwight, 

 "starts from the fact that the head of a young ape is very 

 much more like that of a child €han the head of an old ape 

 is like that of a man. He holds that the likeness of the 

 skull of a very young ape is so great that there must be a 

 family relationship. He believes that some differentiation, 

 some favorable variation, must occur in the body of the 

 mother and so a somewhat higher skull is transmitted to the 

 offspring and is perpetuated. Concerning which Kohlbrugge 

 remarks that 'thus the first men were developed, not from 



