316 THE CASE AGAINST EVOLUTION 



of affairs. If Doctor McGregor had taken into account the 

 all-important consideration of relative size, he would not have 

 been able to construct this misleading series. This considera- 

 tion, however, did not escape Dubois himself, and in his paper 

 of Dec. 14, 1896, before the Berlin Anthropological Society, he 

 confessed that a gigantic ape of hylobatic type would have a 

 cranial capacity close to that of Pithecanthropus, even if we 

 suppose it to have been no taller than a man. (Cf. Smithson. 

 Inst. Rpt. for 1898, p. 350.) The admission is all the more 

 significant in view of the fact that Dubois was then endeavor- 

 ing to exclude the possibility of regarding Pithecanthropus as 

 an anthropoid ape. 



The teeth, according to Dubois, are unlike the teeth of 

 either men or apes, but according to Virchow and Hrdlicka, 

 they are more ape-like than human. The femur, though un- 

 questionably man-like, might conceivably belong to an ape of 

 the gibbon type, inasmuch as the upright posture is more 

 normal to the long-armed gibbon than to any other anthropoid 

 ape, and its thighbone, for this reason, bears the closest re- 

 semblance to that of man. According to the "Text-Book of 

 Zoology" by Parker and Haswell, the gibbon is the only ape 

 that can walk erectly, which it does, not like other apes, with 

 the fore-limbs used as crutches, but balanced exclusively upon 

 its hind-limbs, with its long arms dangling to the ground — 

 "The Gibbons can walk in an upright position without the 

 assistance of the fore-limbs; in the others, though, in progres- 

 sion on the surface of the ground, the body may be held in a 

 semi-erect position with the weight resting on the hind-limbs, 

 yet the assistance of the long fore-limbs acting as crutches is 

 necessary to enable the animal to swing itself along." [Op. 

 cit, 3rd ed., 1921, vol. II, p. 494.) The Javanese femur is 

 rounder than in man, and is, in this, as well as other respects, 

 more akin to the thighbone of the gibbon. "After examining 

 hundreds of human femora," says Dubois, "Manouvrier could 

 find only two that had a somewhat similar shape. It is there- 

 fore a very rare form in man. With the gibbon a similar form 



