320 THE CASE AGAINST EVOLUTION 



without rhyme or reason, and also that they appear in pre- 

 cisely the same way in animals far removed from those in 

 which they are normal. It is hopeless to try to account for 

 them by inheritance; and to call them instances of convergence 

 does not help matters." {Op. dt., pp. 230, 231.) 



Kramberger, however, claims that, with the exception of the 

 extremely recessive chin, the features of the Heidelberg jaw 

 are approximated by those which are normal in the modern 

 Eskimo skull. (Cf. Sitzungbericht der Preuss. Akad. der Wis- 

 senschaften, 1909.) Prof. J. H. McGregor holds similar views. 

 He claims that the greater use of the jaw in uncivilized 

 peoples, who must masticate tough foods, tends to accentuate 

 and increase the recessiveness of the chin. It is also possible 

 that the backward sloping of the chin may have been inten- 

 sified in certain primitive races or varieties of the human 

 species as a result of factorial mutation. We would not, how- 

 ever, be justified in segregating a distinct human species on 

 the basis of minor differences, such as the protuberance or 

 recessiveness of chins. On the whole, we are hopelessly at sea 

 with reference to the significance of the Heidelberg mandible. 

 Taxonomic allocation must be grounded on something more 

 than a jaw, otherwise it amounts to nothing more than a 

 piece of capricious speculation. 



(3) E oanthropus Dawsoni: Dec. 18, 1912, is memorable with 

 evolutionary anthropologists as the day on which Charles Daw- 

 son announced his discovery of the famous Dawn Man. The 

 period of discovery extended from the years prior to 1911 up to 

 Aug. 30, 1913, when the canine tooth was found by Father 

 Teilhard de Chardin. The locality was Piltdown Common, 

 Sussex, in England. The fragments recovered were an imper- 

 fect cranium, part of the mandible, and the above-mentioned 

 canine tooth. The stratified Piltdown gravel, which Dawson 

 assigns to the Lower Pleistocene or Glacial epoch, had been 

 much disturbed by workmen, "who were digging the gravel for 

 small repairs." (Dawson.) The discoverer first found a frag- 

 ment of a parietal bone. Then several years later, after the 



