332 THE CASE AGAINST EVOLUTION 



The associated remains of fossil animals comprise the horse, 

 reindeer, bison. Rhinoceros tichorinus, etc., and, according to 

 Hrdlicka, ^'indicate that the deposits date from somewhere 

 near the middle of the glacial epoch." (Loc. cii., p. 539.) The 

 discoverers turned over the skeleton to Marcellin Boule of the 

 Paris Museum of Natural History for cleaning and recon- 

 struction. It is the first instance of a palaeolithic man, in 

 which the basal parts of the skull, including the foramen mag- 

 num, were recovered. Professor Boule estimates the cranial 

 capacity as being something between 1,600 and 1,620 c.cm. 

 He found the lower part of the face to be prognathic, but not 

 excessively so, the vault like the Neanderthal cranium, but 

 larger, the occiput broad and protruding, the supraorbital 

 arch prominent and complete, the nasal process broad, the 

 forehead low, and the mandible stout and chinless, though not 

 sloping backward at the symphysis. 



Alluding to the rectangular burial pit in the cave, Hrdlicka 

 remarks: "The depression was clearly made by the primitive 

 inhabitants or visitors of the cave for the body and the whole 

 represents very plainly a regular burial, the most ancient 

 intentional burial thus far discovered." (Smithson. Inst. Rpt. 

 for 1913, p. 539.) 



The specimens of Neanderthal, Spy, La Naulette, Krapina, 

 Le Moustier and La Chapelle, as we have seen, are the princi- 

 pal remains said to represent the Neanderthal type, which, 

 according to Keith and others, is a distinct human species. 

 As Aurignacian Man (assigned to the close of the "Old Stone 

 Age," or Glacial epoch), including the Grimaldi or Negroid 

 as well as the Cro-Magnon type, are universally acknowledged 

 to belong to the species Homo sapiens, we need not discuss 

 them here. The same holds true, a fortiori, of Neolithic races 

 such as the Solutreans and the Magdalenians. The main issue 

 for the present is whether or not the Neanderthal type repre- 

 sents a distinct species of human being. 



Anent this question. Professor MacCurdy has the following: 

 "Boule estimated the capacity of the Chapelle-aux-Saints 



