20 CARBOHYDRATES 



Table 3-1 



Economic importance of some industries based on carbohydrates * 



Wage Value of prod- 

 Industry earners ucts shipped 



1. Lumber and products (except furniture) 635,708 $4,691,931,000 



2. Cotton and rayon fabrics, yarns, threads 604,469 5,496.299,000 



3. Grain mill and bakery products 392,585 8,183,849,000 



4. Paper and products 449,833 7,051,485.000 



5. Confectionery 75,165 944,925,000 



6. Sugar (cane and beet) 35,423 1,141,437,000 



7. Starch, dextrin, sirups 12,324 459,978,000 



8. Fermentation products (beverages, vinegar, yeast, 



etc.) 91,754 1,671,712,000 



9. Canvas products and textile bags 24,453 447,089.000 



10. Cordage and twine 15.950 167,648,000 



2,337,664 $30,256,353,000 



* Compiled from the 1947 Census of Manufacturers, Bureau of the-^ensus, 1950, 

 and from the Statistical Abstract of the United States, 1951, published by the Depart- 

 ment of Commerce. 



For comparison, figures for some other industries from the same source, 

 for the same year, are as follows: 



Wage Value of prod- 

 Industry earners ucts shipped 



Machineiy, including electrical 2,346,682 $19,667,327,000 



Industrial chemicals, and drugs 353,445 5,145,963,000 



An abridged classification of carbohydrates 



I. Monosaccharides 



A. Trioses, CaHsOs 



1. Aldotriose : D-glyceraldehyde 



2. Ketotriose : dihydroxy acetone 



B. Tetroses, C4H804 



1. Aldotetroses : o-erythrosc, o-threose 



C. Pentoses 



1. Aldopentoses, C5H10O5: L-arabinose, D-arabinose, o-xylose, D-ribose 



2. Ketopentose, CgHiuO.-, : L-xylulose 



3. Desoxypentose,^ CoHioO*: 2-desoxy-D-ribose (desoxyribose) 



D. Hcxoses 



1. Aldohexoses, CeHi-Ou: o-glucose, n-galactose , n-niamiose 



2. Ketohexoses, CuHi206: n-fructose, ^-sorbose 



3. Desoxyhexoses, C0H12O5: Q-desoxy-h-mamwsc (h-rhamnose), Q-desoxy-i.- 

 galactose (L-fucose) 



4. Aminohexoses, CsHisOsN: 2-amino-i>-glucose {^-glucosamine) , 2-amino-D- 

 galactose (galactosamine) 



^ The prefix "desoxy" means "lacking oxygen." Note that the formula of the desoxy- 

 pento.se is C5Hio04, whereas the other pentoses are CsHioO^. 



