468 



INDEX 



Uriflylic acid, 156 

 Urine : 



excretion of glucose in, 301 



excretion of liormones in, 295 



pH of, 174 

 Urogastrone, 314 

 Uronic acids, 38, 39 



tests for, 39 



Vaccenic acid. 80 



Valine, formula, 116 



Vanadium, in respiratory pigment, 176 



Vanillin, from lignin, 61 



Vasoconstrictor, epinephrine use as, 



289 

 Vasopressin. 304 

 Villi, 319 



Vinyl groups in chlorophyll, 391 

 Vinyl phosphate, 308 

 l-5-Vinyl-2-thiooxazolidone. 300 

 Viosterol, 215 

 Virilism, 291 

 Vision, chemistry of, 204 

 Visual purple {see Rhodopsin) 

 Vitamin A, 203-210 



food sources, 209 



human requirements for. 209 



international unit of, 210 



measurement of. 208 



oxidation of. 208 



relation to yellow color of foods, 84, 85 



sources of, 209 



toxicity due to overdoses, 210 

 Vitamin A acetate, 207 

 Vitamin A crystals, 206 

 Vitamin A deficiency, prevalence of, 205 

 Vitamin A derivatives, 207, 208 

 Vitamin A palmitate, 208 

 Vitamin A value, 208 



of foods, table. 447-448 

 Vitamin Aj, formula, 207 

 Vitamin A^, 204 

 Vitamin B^, 247 

 Vitamin Be conjugate, 247 

 Vitamin Bj {see Thiamine) 

 Vitamin Bg {see Riboflavin) 

 Vitamin Bg {see Pyridoxine) 

 Vitamin Bj^, 249-252 



food sources, 252 



human requirements, 252 



metabolic function of, 252, 281 



production of, 370 



relation to methylation in vivo, 345 

 Vitamin B]2 deficiency in humans. 252 

 Vitamin Bj^a, 251 

 Vitamin B12,,. 251 



Vitamin business, annual value. 203 

 Vitamin C : 



antagonist for. 256 



biosynthesis of, 222 



determination of, 225 



human requirements, 226, 231 



in foods, table. 447-448 



loss in preparing foods. 225 



occurrence and food sources of, 225 



Vitamin O (Cont.) : 



prevention of losses from foods, 225, 

 226 



reducing power of, 224, 225 

 Vitamin C deficiency : 



prevalence of, 223 



symptoms of, 222, 223 



tests for, 223 

 Vitamin D : 



chemical nature, 212 



concentrates of. 215 



human requirement, 216 



mechanism of action. 211 



physiological function, 210 



precursors of, 215 



relation to calcium absorption, 183 



requirements, 214 



sources of, 214, 215 



storage of in body, 216 



toxicity of overdose, 215, 216 

 Vitamin D deficiency, prevalence of, 212 

 Vitamins D^ and D3. 213 

 Vitamin deficiency diseases, existence in 



United States, 202 

 Vitamin E : 



as antioxidant, 217 



distribution, table, 218 



food sources, 218, 219 



physiological functions, 216, 217, 219 



protection of vitamin A by. 208 

 Vitamin E deficiency, symptoms of, 216, 



217 

 Vitamin G {see Riboflavin) 

 Vitamin H {see Biotin) 

 Vitamin K : 



occurrence and food sources, 222 



physiological function, 219 

 Vitamin Kj, formula, 220 

 Vitamin M. 247 

 Vitamins : 



classification. 201 



definition. 200 



history of, 200, 201 



in foods, table. 447-448 



microorganisms and, 359 



relation to enzymes, 200 

 A^olatile fatty acids, 78 



W 



Warfarin. 221, 222 



Water : 



balance, 13 



chlorination of water supplies, 15 



conservation of in vivo, 12 



content and age of cells, 8-9 



content and survival of cells, 10 



content of biological materials, table, 9 



demand in animals and plants, 11 



free and bound, 9-10 



function of in metabolism, 11 



hardness of, 15 



in photosynthesis. 392 



indices of pollution, 14 



metabolic, 12, 13 



need of. 11 



occurrence and importance, 8, 9 



