INDEX 



Italics indicate pages bearing figures or diagrams. 



Abyssal realm, 215; adaptations to, 

 216; conditions in, 215; fishes of, 

 216 



Accidental destruction, 392 



Acipenser, bony scutes, 69; pelvic 

 girdle, 78 



Acquired characters, 7, 10, 386; in- 

 heritance of, 414, 415, 416 



Adaptation, basis of, 247 ; and here 1- 

 ity, 264; process and result, 210; 

 and exteiTial environment, 212; and 

 internal environment, 213; transi- 

 tion from individual to species, 

 262 



Adaptations, abyssal, 215; amliula- 

 tory, 217; of anteaters, 232 

 aquatic, 214; to aridity, 224, 236 

 of benthos, 214; of birds, 225, 23-5; 

 of carnivorous animals, 233; cur- 

 sorial, 218; flight, 225; for securing 

 food, 232; fassorial, 221; for glid- 

 ing, 228; for grazing, 232; to light, 

 223; of loon, 213; of nekton, 215; 

 to organic environment, 230; to 

 physical environment, 213; of 

 plankton, 215; protective, 234; 

 saltatory, 219; scansorial, 222 



Adaptive branching, 252 



Adaptive radiation, 27, 252 



Adhesive organs, 223 



Africa, fossil man in, 199 



Agave, 226 



Aggressive colors, 242 



Albinos, 432 



Algonkian, 124 



Alhamlira plum, 350 



Allantois, 4-5; human, 46 



Allelomorphs, 279; multiple, 314 



AJlosomes, 299 



Alluring colors, 242 



Alps, 120 



Alternation of generations, 23 



Altitude, effect on climate, 248 



Amber, 127; fossils, 127 



Ambulatory adaptations, 217 



Ambulatory animals, 253 



Amitosis, 91 



Ammonites, 133 



Amnion, 4-5; human, 4^ 



Amphibamus, 151 



Amphibia, 37, 130; in vertebrate 

 evolution, 150; of Carboniferous, 

 151 



Amphioxus, 145; cytoplasmic difTer- 

 entiation of egg, 302 



Amphioxus theory of vertebrate de- 

 scent, 144, 146 



Anabolism, 30 



Analogies, significance of. 111 



Analogy, 27 



Anaximander, 5, 6 



Ancestral inheritance, law of, 271 



Aiichilherium, 180, 183 



Ancon sheep, 404 



Andalusian fowls, 281 



Anemones, sea, 214 



Angraecum sesquipedale, 393 



Animal associations, see Associations 



Animal hybrids, 345 



Annelid theory of vertebrate descent, 

 144, 146 



Annelida, 28, 137; artificial parthe- 

 nogenesis in, 330 



Anopheles, head and mouth parts, 

 234 



Anteaters, 233; adaptations of, 232 



Antennae of mosquito, 234 



Anthropoidea, 188 



Ants, and aphids, 231 



Aorta, 62 



Aortic arches, diagram, 64; of human 

 embryo, 49 



Apes, half-, 188; man-like, 189; New 

 World, 188; Old World, 188 



Aphids, 231; and pure lines, 356; life 

 cycle of, 329, 330 



Appalachian mountainj, 120, 258 



Appendages, 35 



445 



