FOREWORD 



produce genetic divergence, the splitting of species, or the origin 

 of higher categories. He closes with a statement of his personal 

 "evolutionary philosophy," in which he tells what he believes 

 to be the implications and import of the modern theory of 

 organic evolution. 



Professor ). N. Spuhler pieces together the fossil evidence to 

 show as complete a pedigree of modern man in his descent from 

 lower primates as is at present possible. Along the way he 

 traces the development of seven biological conditions that were 

 necessary for the evolution of the social animal that modern 

 man is. He shows how these conditions are mostly reflected in 

 the structure of the cerebral cortex, and how some of them 

 (for example, the ability to use speech) are believed to be both 

 cause and effect of cortical expansion. 



Professor Dobzhansky writes of the historical impact of in- 

 sights into man's relation to and place in the universe. He 

 then discusses how self-awareness and consciousness evolved 

 concomitantly with the expansion of the cerebral cortex in our 

 ancestors and made them truly human; how this led to the de- 

 velopment of foresight and the experience of freedom, and left 

 man filled with internal contradictions, but still so equipped 

 that there is hope for him in the yet continuing, creative, evo- 

 lutionary processes that produced him. 



The symposium resulted directly from an informal meeting 

 held by representatives of several science and research depart- 

 ments on the Knoxville campus in October, 1959, to consider 

 a way to fill an acute need to emphasize and advance scholar- 

 ship in the community. It was decided that this need could 

 probably best be met by a continuing program of visits and 

 lectures by eminent scholars in different sciences or humanities 

 each year. D. A. Shirley, President of the Tennessee chapter 

 of Sigma Xi, one of the sponsoring organizations, appointed to 

 the Organizing Committee the following members of The Uni- 

 versity of Tennessee faculty: D. Frank Holtman, Arthur W. 

 Jones, C. W. Keenan, Miss Madeline Kneberg, R. E. McLaugh- 

 lin, Stanfield Rogers, A. J. Sharp, and J. Ives Townsend, Chair- 

 man. Alexander Hollaender, Director of the Biology Division, 

 Oak Ridge National Laboratory, who has been especially promi- 

 nent in efforts to modernize biological education in the insti- 



vii 



