ZOOGENESIS 



of other types of insects — aphids (figs. 7-9, p. xi), 

 coccids (figs. 16, p. zi; 17, p. 33), jassids, membracids 

 and the caterpillars of various lycasnid butterflies — 

 much as we make use of cattle. From these insect- 

 cattle they obtain honey-dew or other sweet or some- 

 times spicy liquids of which they are inordinately 

 fond. They often tend these insect-cattle with the 

 very greatest care, building shelters over them and 

 looking after them in various ways and protecting 

 them from their enemies. A number of different 

 kinds of ants have developed elaborate forms of 

 agriculture. 



All insect societies are protected by formidable 

 armaments consisting of poison stings, squirt-guns 

 filled with acid, or powerful cutting jaws. But these 

 armaments are always parts of the bodies of some or 

 all of the insects in the social units. 



All insect societies support scavengers and parasites 

 (fig. 14, p. xi) of various characteristic and peculiar 

 types. Many ant colonies contain queer helpless in- 

 sects which the ants assiduously feed with substances 

 gathered for their own young, though they get noth- 

 ing in return. 



Some insects make use of others which are much 

 more powerful than themselves in traveling from place 

 to place, somewhat as we make use of horses, yaks and 

 camels. For instance, the young of some of the oil 

 beetles are transported to their victims on the bodies 

 of the parents or the attendants of the latter. 



Chemical processes are extensively used by insects. 

 These are, however, almost entirely concerned with 



[9] 



